Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis Provides Insights into Ganoderic Acid Biosynthesis in Response to Methyl Jasmonate in Ganoderma Lucidum

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum is widely recognized as a medicinal basidiomycete. It was previously reported that the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) could induce the biosynthesis of ganoderic acids (GAs), which are the main active ingredients of G. lucidum. However, the regulatory mechanism is still unclear. In this study, integrated proteomics and metabolomics were employed on G. lucidum to globally identify differences in proteins and metabolites under MeJA treatment for 15 min (M15) and 24 h (M24). Our study successfully identified 209 differential abundance proteins (DAPs) in M15 and 202 DAPs in M24. We also identified 154 metabolites by GC–MS and 70 metabolites by LC–MS in M24 that are involved in several metabolic pathways. With an in-depth analysis, we found some DAPs and metabolites that are involved in the oxidoreduction process, secondary metabolism, energy metabolism, transcriptional and translational regulation, and protein synthesis. In particular, our results reveal that MeJA treatment leads to metabolic rearrangement that inhibited the normal glucose metabolism, energy supply, and protein synthesis of cells but promoted secondary metabolites, including GAs. In conclusion, our proteomics and metabolomics data further confirm the promoting effect of MeJA on the biosynthesis of GAs in G. lucidum and will provide a valuable resource for further investigation of the molecular mechanisms of MeJA signal response and GA biosynthesis in G. lucidum and other related species.

Effect of Methyl Jasmonate on Thymol, Carvacrol, Phytochemical Accumulation, and Expression of Key Genes Involved in Thymol/Carvacrol Biosynthetic Pathway in Some Iranian Thyme Species

“…Thus, the genetic foundation of responsiveness to the MeJA signal should have evolved in thymus species. Methyl jasmonate treatment alters the gene expression of many transcription factors as well as protein and metabolic levels [ 54 ]. Terpenoids are the most common and structurally varied category of plant secondary metabolites [ 55 ], according to our findings.…”

Integrative Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Regulatory Network of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Response to MeJA in Camelliavietnamensis Huang

“…In addition, plants are activated in response to abiotic or biotic stresses, such as pathogens. For example, reactive oxygen species (ROS), some pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins and other secondary metabolites are produced and accumulate [ 26 ], whereas MeJA-induced synthesis of PR-proteins and other stress proteins or secondary metabolites improves the resistance of plants, as previously studied in tomato, sweet pepper [ 27 ], peanut [ 28 ], other plants, and even the fungus Ganoderma lucidum [ 29 ]. In this study, the MapMan results also showed that the differentially expressed unigenes were associated with signaling, abiotic stress, proteolysis, PR-proteins, and secondary metabolites ( Figure 5 ).…”

Application of Metabolomics in Fungal Research

“…Jiang et al found that treatment of Ganoderma lucidum with methyl jasmonate (MeJA) for 24 h was the optimal condition to induce the biosynthesis of Ganoderma lucidum . MeJA induction can lead to metabolic rearrangements in Ganoderma lucidum , inhibit its normal glucose metabolism, energy supply, and protein synthesis, and promote cellular secondary metabolic production [ 29 ]. After treatment with tributyltin (TBT), the mycelial morphology of Cunninghamella echinulata changed, the metabolic activity was inhibited, and glycolysis and the TCA cycle were dysregulated.…”