Integrated-Smart Agriculture: Contexts and Assumptions for a Broader Concept

Abstract

The innovative technologies developed in the different fields of science (nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, genetic modification, etc.) opened new and infinite possibilities for the several stakeholders that carry out their activities in the different economic sectors. For agriculture, these new approaches are particularly relevant and may bring interesting contributions, considering the specificities of the sector, often dealing with contexts of land abandonment and narrow profit margins. Nonetheless, the question in these unstopped evolutions is about the interlinkages with sustainability. In this context, the objectives of this study are to highlight the main insights from the available scientific literature about the interrelationships between the new trends in the agriculture and the sustainability. To achieve these aims, a search on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoS) and Scopus databases was carried out, on 15 May 2021, for the topics ‘smart agriculture’ and ‘sustainability’. A total of 231 documents (102 from WoS and 129 from Scopus) were obtained, remaining 155 documents after removing the duplicated, which were surveyed through systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) approach. As main insights, the concerns of the researchers with the impacts on the sustainability from the transformations in the farming organization are highlighted. On the other hand, it was shown the relevance and the new opportunities, including in terms of food supply, arising from the precision agriculture, agricultural intelligence, vertical/urban farming, circular economy, internet of things, and crowdfarming. We suggest the new and wider concept of ‘integrated-smart agriculture’, better than ‘climate-smart agriculture’.

A systematic review on the factors governing precision agriculture adoption among small-scale farmers

“…Ahmad and Sharma (2023) and Zhang (2015) stress that the true innovation in PA lies not in isolated technologies but in their synergistic application. This idea is supported by Martinho and Guiné (2021), who argue for an ‘integrated-smart agriculture’ approach, emphasising that disparate tools should function as a cohesive unit for optimal efficacy and sustainability. However, the question of financial feasibility remains, especially for small-scale farmers (Mizik, 2023).…”

Bioenergy relations with agriculture, forestry and other land uses: Highlighting the specific contributions of artificial intelligence and co-citation networks

“…On the other hand, IoT technologies allow information to be collected and analysed more quickly and accurately. The importance of having a more sustainable agri-food sector while dealing with the growing demand for food is reflected in the CSA (Climate-Smart Agriculture) [ 45 ] concept promoted by the FAO (Food and Agricultural Organisation) [ 46 ]. The idea is to use smart approaches to increase production with a more precise use of resources (water, energy, soil, fertilisers and phytopharmaceuticals).…”

Integration of Technology in Agricultural Practices towards Agricultural Sustainability: A Case Study of Greece

“…One way to think about diffusion is as extensive, aggregate adoption. A considerable amount of time passes between new technology's creation and farmers' acceptance of it [16,17]. Many variables may influence how new technology is adopted.…”

“…WSN is made up of a network, or collection, of inexpensive, tiny sensors that are connected to a communication system to provide consumers access to real-time data collecting. As a result, WSN has several uses to improve agricultural productivity, including precision farming, greenhouse gas monitoring, and informational irrigation and fertilizer management [16]. An array of sensor nodes with four primary functions makes up a typical WSN system configuration: (i) a power source (such as a photovoltaic (PV) source of energy); (ii) the capacity to perceive environmental data; (iii) processing capacity; and (iv) communications capability.…”