“…In the process of assessing the bidder's unit prices, the greater the difference between engineer's estimate price and the unit price from the bidder's offer, the greater the likelihood that the line item will be unbalanced, and information entropy may just show this difference. Information entropy is defined as (Lan, Yang, & Huang, 2017;Shemshadi, Shirazi, Toreihi, & Tarokh, 2011;Wu, Duan, Zuo, Zhao, & Tang, 2017)…”