Integrated Technology of University Students’ Sports Selection and Orientation in Physical Education Specializations Tailored to Individual Characteristics

Abstract

The article analyzes student sport, which is a reserve of high-performance sport, on the one hand, and a powerful factor in health preservation and socialization of future specialists and active members of society, on the other hand. The article discusses sports selection and orientation in the context of sportization of orientation of university physical education towards preservation of students’ health, creation of health-forming educational space to ensure the development of health-forming values that result in the improvement of students’ health and physical condition. The aim of the study is to develop, apply and evaluate the effectiveness of the integrated technology of students’ sports selection and orientation towards university physical education specializations tailored to students’ individual characteristics. The general scientific research methodology is presented by a systematic approach to determining a person’s individual characteristics in the unity and interrelation of biological, social and psychological components, their influence on choice and success in certain activities, and their impact on health. Methods of scientific analysis, observation, experiment, empirical methods of psychological diagnostics, psychophysiological methods, statistical and mathematical methods were used. The study was conducted from January, 2016 to September, 2020. It involved 327 people: athletes from the DYUSSHOR (children and youth sports school of the Olympic reserve) of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, adult athletes, and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd year students of the schools of Siberian Federal University from educational specializations in basketball, aerobics, and rock climbing. The proposed methods of selection and orientation towards specializations in physical education can be applied in universities regarding the practice of student sport as a reserve of high-performance sport and mass student sport. The proposed methods of orientation of students towards physical education specializations tailored to their individual characteristics can be applied in the system of higher physical education and in physical education classes at universities. When assessing the conformity of the athlete’s data to the chosen sport, which is a mathematical algorithm for assessing the conformity of professionally significant qualities to those required in the chosen sport, the obtained data on the athletes’ conformity ranged from 70% to 93%. These data confirm the previously obtained data on the prevailing tendencies in the severity of the typological characteristics of the nervous system properties in athletes doing different sports, as well as the correspondence of the typological complex of the nervous system of those under the study with the athletes’ morphological and functional characteristics required in elite sports. As a result of the study, the established correspondence of these students to the chosen specializations ranges from 48% (rock climbing, 1st year female students) to 87% (female students, basketball). The following motives can be considered the most significant for the group of students under the study: health preservation, social sphere, and physical perfection. The use of modern methods of orientation and selection in the context of the sportization of physical education will contribute to solving the problems that the staff of the Department of Physical Education face in helping the students to choose the type of physical activity (the student’s orientation towards mass student sport, health-improving physical education), as well as a specific sport