Integrated thermophilic submerged aerobic membrane bioreactor and electrochemical oxidation for pulp and paper effluent treatment – towards system closure

Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation: A Review of Pulp and Paper Industry Practices and Opportunities

“…Fe 3+ , may serve as mediators for the transformation of the organic compounds. Electro-oxidation has been examined by several research groups in the treatment of wastewater from P&P facilities (Mahesh et al 2006;Wang et al 2007;El-Ashtoukhy et al 2009;Särkkä et al 2009;Soloman et al 2009;Kishimoto et al 2010;Antony and Natesan 2012;Qu et al 2012;Krishna et al 2014;Lindholm-Lehto et al 2015) even using rice straw as raw material to produce paper pulp (El-Ashtoukhy et al 2009). Patel et al (2008 evaluated the removal of pentachlorophenol, as well as the treatment of pulp bleaching effluent from a bamboo-based mill, by an electrochemical process, reporting the removal of 10 mg L −1 of pentachlorophenol in less than 10 minutes when performing such treatment.…”

“…Such designs have been evaluated for treatment of P&P mill wastes (Helbe et al 1999;Tenno and Paulapuro 1999;Magnus et al 2000;Huuhilo et al 2002;Mahmood and Elliott 2006;Zhang et al 2009;Qu et al 2012;Simstich et al 2012;Mahmood-Khan and Hall 2013). Tenno and Paulapuro (1999) developed a mathematical model for their bioreactor and showed that the throughput could be increased by increasing the solids level.…”

“…Tenno and Paulapuro (1999) developed a mathematical model for their bioreactor and showed that the throughput could be increased by increasing the solids level. Qu et al (2012) reported that cake formation on the membrane surfaces was the primary mode of membrane fouling during the aerobic treatment of P&P mill wastewater.…”

“…Particularly, anodic oxidation enhanced the biodegradability of 2,4-dichlorophenol solutions and it is a promising alternative for the degradation of chlorophenols (Chu et al 2010). Qu et al (2012) reported the improvement of COD removal efficiency after an anaerobic membrane bioreactor stage, suggesting that this integrated technology may produce a more suitable effluent for subsequent reuse and ultimate systems closure.Finally, the electro-Fenton treatment, i.e. the combination of Fenton process with electrochemical oxidation, might also be an interesting alternative to improve treatment efficiency.…”

Anaerobic digestion of pulp and paper mill wastes – An overview of the developments and improvement opportunities

“…Bouallagui (2003) [146] applied an optimum ratio of 100 130:4:1 for COD:N:P, as an optimal condition for AD of vegetable biomasses. Qu et al (2012) [61] reported the adjust ment of this ratio to 100:5:1 for appropriate biomass growth. The successful adoption of this ratio has been also indicated by other studies [121].…”