Integrated Weed Management in Rice

Mahajan, Gulshan; Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh; Kumar, Vivek

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1019-9_6

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…In our study, the crop-associated weed species of paddy, summer-ripe, and autumn-ripe farmland were distributed among all soil layers within farmland type but the number of non-crop-associated species (the weed species unable to infest a particular type of farmland) was even higher than that of crop-associated weeds. In a particular cropping pattern, weed species adapted to the management practices -such as planting time, crop competition, fertility, and herbicide choice to infest and survive (Mahajan et al 2014;Jabran et al 2017). In contrast, when the typical cropping pattern as well as the management practices change, the seeds of non-cropassociated species existing in the seed banks will most likely have the opportunity to germinate and become problematic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of weed seed banks reveals similar potential weed community diversity among three different farmland types in Anhui Province, China

Yun-he

Gao

Qiang

2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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Crop type is one of main factors influencing weed community structure. However, the identity of weed communities associated with the cultivation of different crops in farmlands remains largely unclear. A field survey of weed seed banks was conducted in 2 280 fields at 228 sites of 62 locations representing three different types of farmland (95 paddy, 73 summer-ripe, and 60 autumn-ripe farmlands) along the bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui Province, China. A total of 43 families and 174 species of weeds were found in these weed seed banks. A comparison of the composition of weed groups in the seed banks showed that the species number and density percentage of grass, sedge and broadleaf weed groups were similar among the different types of farmland. The seed banks of all three farmland types shared 71 common weed species, accounting for 40.80% of the total number of species. These common weeds, which were both associated and not associated with crops, accounted for 91.71% of the total dominance degree among all farmland types. The crop-associated weed species were distributed in all soil layers of each farmland type. The Shannon-Wiener index H´ (description of species diversity which is more sensitive to dense species) and Pielou's evenness index J (description of species evenness) in summer-ripe farmland were similar to those in autumn-ripe farmland but differed from those in paddy farmland. However, the Simpson's index D (description of species diversity which is more sensitive to sparse species) was similar among all three farmland types. The results of similarity comparison indicated that although the aboveground weed community differed among the different cropping patterns, the weed species composition in the soil seed bank was still similar. Consequently, our results demonstrate that after the implementation of long-term monoculture patterns, weed species compositions in the soil seed bank in different farmlands become homogenized regardless of the crop type.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation of weed seed banks reveals similar potential weed community diversity among three different farmland types in Anhui Province, China

Yun-he

Gao

Qiang

2019

Journal of Integrative Agriculture

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“…However, the use of CHT and GMHT crops accelerated the selection of HR weeds, which in fact increased dramatically in the last decade [118]. In addition, the continuative adoption of the same herbicide and the use of HR and GMHT crops has led to a greater selection pressure and to shifts in the weed species community, especially in major herbaceous field crops [14,95]. In order to avoid such problems, it is of key importance to not only integrate chemical control with other methods within an IWM strategy, but also apply herbicides after overcoming the economic damage threshold, as well as use the correct rates, rotations, mixtures and sequences.…”

Section: Chemical Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increased interest of researchers is probably also linked to the development and growth of organic farming, low-input and conservative agriculture, in which weed management is essentially based on IWM practices. Specific IWM systems have been developed for selected herbaceous field crops such as soybean [11], wheat [12], maize [13], rice [14], cotton [15], several horticultural species [16,17], etc. However, a compendium of these IWM systems lacks in literature and it could be important to help farmers in developing the most suitable IWM strategy applicable to such crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

2020

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Current awareness about the environmental impact of intensive agriculture, mainly pesticides and herbicides, has driven the research community and the government institutions to program and develop new eco-friendly agronomic practices for pest control. In this scenario, integrated pest management and integrated weed management (IWM) have become mandatory. Weeds are commonly recognized as the most important biotic factor affecting crop production, especially in organic farming and low-input agriculture. In herbaceous field crops, comprising a wide diversity of plant species playing a significant economic importance, a compendium of the specific IWM systems is missing, that, on the contrary, have been developed for single species. The main goal of this review is to fill such gap by discussing the general principles and basic aspects of IWM to develop the most appropriate strategy for herbaceous field crops. In particular, a 4-step approach is proposed: (i) prevention, based on the management of the soil seedbank and the improvement of the crop competitiveness against weeds, (ii) weed mapping, aiming at knowing the biological and ecological characteristics of weeds present in the field, (iii) the decision-making process on the basis of the critical period of weed control and weed thresholds and iv) direct control (mechanical, physical, biological and chemical). Moreover, the last paragraph discusses and suggests possible integrations of allelopathic mechanisms in IWM systems.

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“…Increasing plant density is a non-chemical tactic that can be easily integrated with cropping to supress many dominant weeds (Eslami, 2015;Mahajan et al, 2015). Under high weed pressure situations, there can often be crop yield benefits, better weed control, and reductions in cost of weed control by adopting dense crop stands (Mahajan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Increasing Plant Density and Reduced Row Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Under high weed pressure situations, there can often be crop yield benefits, better weed control, and reductions in cost of weed control by adopting dense crop stands (Mahajan et al, 2015). Increasing plant density would lead to early canopy closure and thereby limit light penetration into the inter-row spaces and lead to the suppression of many dominant weeds (Eslami, 2015).…”

Section: Increasing Plant Density and Reduced Row Spacingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

Manalil

Coast

Werth³

et al. 2017

Crop Protection

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a b s t r a c tThe agriculture sector is embracing energy efficient conservation systems and technological innovations to meet the ever increasing demand for food, fibre, and fuel in tune with the rapidly increasing human population. The genetic modification of plants is one of the technological innovations that is adopted rapidly across the world. In cotton, many major producing countries have adopted herbicide-tolerant genetically modified crops. Over-reliance on herbicides for weed management in both genetically modified and conventional systems has led to the rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds. Poor weed management can cause up to 90% yield loss in cotton. Undoubtedly, integration of non-chemical methods and diversifying weed control options would ensure the sustainability of available weed management options, including herbicides. Increasing crop competitiveness is one of the approaches that could be integrated with the current weed management systems. Choosing cultivars with early vigour, use of narrow row planting, orienting crop rows with regard to sunlight, and adjusting planting density are some of the approaches that could enhance the competitiveness of crops over weeds. Review of the available literature on cotton indicates weed suppressive benefits by enhancing crop competitiveness through increasing planting density and narrow row spacing. Early canopy closure in narrow row spaced systems would suppress many problem weeds. In addition, herbicide efficacy may be increased due to competition offered by a dense crop stand, which may reduce herbicide selection pressure on weeds. However, the use of narrow row spacing is still in an infant stage in many cottongrowing countries and the success may depend on the environment, soil type, and resource availability. This review analyses and reports the potential benefits of increasing crop competition as a weed management option and also highlights research to be undertaken to ensure the adoption of different strategies on a much wider scale.

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Integrated Weed Management in Rice

Cited by 26 publications

References 62 publications

An investigation of weed seed banks reveals similar potential weed community diversity among three different farmland types in Anhui Province, China

An investigation of weed seed banks reveals similar potential weed community diversity among three different farmland types in Anhui Province, China

Integrated Weed Management in Herbaceous Field Crops

Weed management in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) through weed-crop competition: A review

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