Integrating a complex rotation with no-till improves weed management in organic farming. A review

Anderson, Randy L.

doi:10.1007/s13593-015-0292-3

Cited by 48 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Rotation designs involving four years or more have been shown to drastically reduce herbicide use in both tilled and un-tilled systems (Anderson, 2008(Anderson, , 2015Liebman et al, 2008). Including perennial forages such as alfalfa in a rotation has been shown to contribute weed control for up to three years, and can be particularly effective in NT systems (Entz et al, 1995;Ominski et al, 1999;Ominski and Entz, 2001).…”

Section: Intentionally Designed Crop Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Nichols

Verhulst

Cox

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

352

299

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a b s t r a c tConservation agriculture (CA) is based on minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation; it is promoted as a sustainable alternative to systems involving conventional tillage. Adoption of CA changes weed dynamics and communities and therefore necessitates adjusting weed control methods. The objectives of this review are to summarize literature concerning CA principles and their interactive effects on weed life cycles and community composition, briefly review CA-appropriate cultural practices for additional weed control, and identify areas where further research is needed. No-till systems accumulate seeds near the soil surface where they are more likely to germinate but are also exposed to greater mortality risks through weather variability and predation. Assuming no seed input into the system, germinable seedbanks under no-till decrease more rapidly than under conventional tillage. Reducing tillage may shift weed communities from annual dicots to grassy annuals and perennials. Surface residues lower average soil temperatures and may delay emergence of both crops and weeds. Germination and growth of small-seeded annuals will suffer from restricted light availability, physical growth barriers and potential allelopathic effects from surface residue. Crop rotation affects weeds via allelopathy and altered timing of both crop management and resource demands. Rotations should incorporate crops sown in varied seasons (e.g., autumn and spring), annuals and perennials, different herbicides, and/or various crop families. Literature indicates implementing no-till without crop rotation can result in severe weed problems; greater rotational crop diversity results in easier weed management. Additional cultural practices for CA include: (i) selecting highly competitive varieties; (ii) altering planting dates; (iii) preventing weed seed recruitment; (iv) adjusting planting arrangement, densities, and fertilizer placement; and (v) microbial bio-controls. Further research is needed concerning: (i) the interactive effects of tillage and surface residue on weeds; (ii) the use of models and/or meta-analyses to predict weed responses, and to identify intervention points in CA; and (iii) the weed-suppressive potential of longer (4+ years) rotations.

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Section: Intentionally Designed Crop Rotationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Nichols

Verhulst

Cox

et al. 2015

Field Crops Research

352

299

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This will ensure that diverse cover crop mixes planted for the purpose of providing multiple functions can also adequately suppress weeds. It is important that cover crop mixes recommended to farmers do not promote weeds, and thus risk discouraging farmers from using cover crops, given the advances in agricultural sustainability offered by cover crops (Anderson 2015;Wittwer et al, 2017). Future research on improving cover crop mixes for weed suppression could therefore focus on the identification of highly productive (and therefore weed-suppressive) cover crop species and cultivars from a variety of plant families that could be combined in multispecies mixes that are appropriate to the farming systems in question.…”

Section: Implications For Design Of Cover Crop Mixesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cover Crop Biomass Production Is More Important than Diversity for Weed Suppression

et al. 2019

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Biotic resistance theory suggests that diverse cover crop mixes may be more effective at weed suppression than a cover crop monoculture. However, evidence for this has so far been inconsistent. To investigate, we designed a trial to explicitly test the role of cover crop diversity in weed suppression by comparing eight cover crop mixes that varied in species diversity, functional diversity, and composition. Mixes contained either one, four, or eight species, in equal proportions. Three mixes contained only cereal species, three contained only legumes, and two contained a mix of cereals, legumes, and brassicas. Research was conducted on two farms in South Africa's winter rainfall region, replicated over 2 yr. Indicators of resource uptake by each mix in terms of light, soil N, and water were measured at three time points throughout the season, approximately 50, 85, and 110 d after emergence (DAE). Aboveground biomass (dry weight) of cover crops and weeds within each mix was measured twice, at approximately 70 and 120 DAE. Regression analyses indicated that cover crop biomass was key to resource uptake and weed suppression, and that early‐season N and later‐season light availability had the strongest influence on weed biomass. Neither species diversity nor functional diversity affected resource uptake or weed suppression by cover crops. These results indicate that it is important to consider the competitiveness of individual species when designing cover crop mixes. Diverse mixes remain valuable to perform multiple functions but may contribute to weed problems if composed of poorly competitive species.

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“…Despite the benefits that crop rotation offer, to be possible the recommendation of crop rotation for each particular case it is necessary the knowledge about its impact on crops in spring-summer season. The crop rotation system offers as advantages the improvement and maintenance of soil fertility, less pest, diseases and weeds (Nichols et al, 2015;Anderson, 2015). Agroecosystem in crop rotation shows several economic crops in a cropping season, which increases the chance in obtaining economic stability over the years (Fidelis et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop rotation affects soybean performance in no-tillage system under optimal and dry cropping seasons

Freitas¹,

Souza²,

Salton³

et al. 2016

Aust J Crop Sci

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The purpose of this research was to assess the crop rotation affects on agronomic traits of soybean in optimal (OCS) and dry cropping seasons (DCS). This research was carried out in 2010/2011 (OCS) and 2011/2012 (DCS) in a Rhodic Hapludox soil. The experimental design was set up in a randomized complete block and the treatments were arranged in a factorial 9 x 2, consisting of 9 crop rotations systems and two cropping seasons, with four replications. The soybean (Glycine max cv. BMX-Potência RR) was sowed on October 20 th 2010 and October 10 th 2011 (spring-summer season) 20 days after the fall-winter cover crops desiccation. It was assessed in the R8 reproductive stage (Full maturation) the plant height, the height of the first pod insertion, number of pod per plants, number of branches per plant, number of seed per pod, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. It was observed that in drought stress (DCS), the number of branches decreased, this reduction was 36% in relation to OCS. For the traits as plant height, first pod height, 1000-grain weight and yield, it was showed small values in DCS in contrast to OCS. It is feasible to introduce these cover crops in fall-winter season to make part of a crop rotation system. The number of pod per plant showed higher values under the crop rotation of corn/rapeseed/soybean, which showed highly associated with the soybean grain yield. This research brought options for cover crops system to be viable in no-till system with soybean in spring-summer season.

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Integrating a complex rotation with no-till improves weed management in organic farming. A review

Cited by 48 publications

References 72 publications

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Weed dynamics and conservation agriculture principles: A review

Cover Crop Biomass Production Is More Important than Diversity for Weed Suppression

Crop rotation affects soybean performance in no-tillage system under optimal and dry cropping seasons

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