Integrating actions into object location memory: A benefit for active versus passive reaching movements

Trewartha, Kevin M.; Case, Stefan; Flanagan, J. Randall

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.043

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In many cases we search for objects that have an immediate relevance to current tasks and as a consequence actively engage with these objects, e.g., picking up the keys you had been looking for. Object recognition speed (Harman et al, 1999;James et al, 2002) and location memory Trewartha et al, 2015) increase after object manipulation. However, there is evidence that we are not necessarily better in recalling/recognizing active compared to passive objects (Brooks et al, 1999;Harman et al, 1999;James et al, 2002) and are not always left with a better spatial representation of our surroundings after active object manipulation (Kirtley & Tatler, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In fact, active hand movements leave participants with better object location memories than when the hand is passively moved, irrespective of the way memory is inferred -correct responses or subsequent search time (Trewartha et al, 2015). Location memory for actively handled task-relevant objects is superior to memory for objects whose handling was only passively observed .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Active hand movements to locations of abstract objects lead to better recall of the locations and faster reaction times to the locations than when the hand is passively moved (Trewartha, Case, & Flanagan, 2015). Picking up and holding isolated objects modulates the spatial representation of the targets (Thomas, Davoli, & Brockmole, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Of “what” and “where” in a natural search task: Active object handling supports object location memory beyond the object’s identity

Draschkow

Võ

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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Looking for as well as actively manipulating objects that are relevant to ongoing behavioral goals are intricate parts of natural behavior. It is, however, not clear to what degree these two forms of interaction with our visual environment differ with regard to their memory representations. In a real-world paradigm, we investigated if physically engaging with objects as part of a search task influences identity and position memory differently for task-relevant versus irrelevant objects. Participants equipped with a mobile eye tracker either searched for cued objects without object interaction (Find condition) or actively collected the objects they found (Handle condition). In the following free-recall task, identity memory was assessed, demonstrating superior memory for relevant compared to irrelevant objects, but no difference between the Handle and Find conditions. Subsequently, location memory was inferred via times to first fixation in a final object search task. Active object manipulation and task-relevance interacted in that location memory for relevant objects was superior to irrelevant ones only in the Handle condition. Including previous object recall performance as a covariate in the linear mixed-model analysis of times to first fixation allowed us to explore the interaction between remembered/ forgotten object identities and the execution of location memory. Identity memory performance predicted location memory in the Find but not the Handle condition, suggesting that active object handling leads to strong spatial representations independent of object identity memory. We argue that object handling facilitates the prioritization of relevant location information, but this might come at the cost of deprioritizing irrelevant information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Of “what” and “where” in a natural search task: Active object handling supports object location memory beyond the object’s identity

Draschkow

Võ

2016

Atten Percept Psychophys

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“…Even when limited to relatively simple interactions with a set of stimuli (rather than navigating a complex spatial environment), active control is typically associated with improved memory (Craddock, Martinovic, & Lawson, ; Harman, Keith Humphrey, & Goodale, ; Liu, Ward, & Markall, ; Luursema & Verwey, ; Meijer & Van der Lubbe, ; Trewartha, Case, & Flanagan, ; Voss, Gonsalves, Federmeier, Tranel, & Cohen, ), despite the fact that the presented stimuli are matched within active/yoked pairs of participants. As one example, Harman et al () found that actively manipulating objects on a display (i.e., rotating a novel three‐dimensional shape during a study period) led to faster recognition during a subsequent test than viewing videos of the same interactions.…”

Section: How Does Active Control Affect Episodic Memory? Identifying mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Memory as a Common Effect of Active Learning

Markant

Ruggeri

Gureckis

et al. 2016

Mind Brain and Education

113

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Despite widespread consensus among educators that active learning leads to better outcomes than comparatively passive forms of instruction, it is often unclear why these benefits arise. In this article, we review research showing that the opportunity to control the information experienced while learning leads to improved memory relative to situations where control is absent. By integrating findings from a wide range of experimental paradigms, we identify a set of distinct mechanisms that mediate these effects, including the formation of distinctive sensorimotor associations, elaborative encoding due to goal‐directed exploration, improved co‐ordination of selective attention and encoding, adaptive selection of material based on existing memory, and metacognitive monitoring. Examining these mechanisms provides new insights into the effects of active learning, including how different forms of active control lead to improved outcomes relative to more traditional, passive instruction.

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“…Studies in humans also suggest that 65 perceptual systems differentially represent stimuli that are encountered via active vs. 66 passive viewing (Hayhoe, 2017). For example, an object's spatial location is better 67 recalled when it has been actively reached for rather than passively moved toward 68 (Trewartha et al, 2015). Yet, to date, no studies have explored how active viewing 69 conditions impact the processing of complex visual stimuli, such as real-world scenes.…”

Section: Introduction 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Vision in Immersive, 360° Real-World Environments

Haskins¹,

Mentch²,

Botch³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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16How do we construct a sense of place in a real-world environment? Real-world 17 environments are actively explored via saccades, head turns, and body movements. Yet, 18 little is known about how humans process real-world scene information during active 19 viewing conditions. Here, we exploited recent developments in virtual reality (VR) and in-20 headset eye-tracking to test the impact of active vs. passive viewing conditions on gaze 21behavior while participants explored novel, real-world, 360º scenes. In one condition, 22participants actively explored 360º photospheres from a first-person perspective via self-23 directed motion (saccades and head turns). In another condition, photospheres were 24 passively displayed to participants while they were head-restricted. We found that, 25relative to passive viewers, active viewers displayed increased attention to semantically 26 meaningful scene regions, suggesting more exploratory, information-seeking gaze 27behavior. We also observed signatures of exploratory behavior in eye movements, such 28as quicker, more entropic fixations during active as compared with passive viewing 29conditions. These results show that active viewing influences every aspect of gaze 30behavior, from the way we move our eyes to what we choose to attend to. Moreover, 31these results offer key benchmark measurements of gaze behavior in 360º, naturalistic 32 environments. 33 42 displayed portion of an environment is typically limited to a single field of view. In contrast, 43 everyday visual environments are actively explored. We gain rich information about a 44 place by shifting our eyes, turning our heads, and moving our bodies. This is because 45real-world scenes are immersive, extending 360º around us and beyond any single field 46 of view. How does scene understanding unfold in immersive, active viewing conditions? 47 48It has long been understood that active viewing conditions impact perceptual processing. 49Neurons in early stages of the visual system are sensitive to the distinction between self-50and world-generated motion under conditions that are carefully matched for equivalent 51retinal stimulation and attentional engagement 3,4 . Further, active vision is thought to be 52 necessary for typical visual development: even basic visual functions, such as depth 53perception and contrast sensitivity, suffer when animals are denied self-motion in a visual 54 environment, but are passively exposed to equivalent visual stimuli 5 . Studies in humans 55 also suggest that perceptual systems differentially represent stimuli that are encountered 56 via active vs. passive viewing 1 . For example, an object's spatial location is better recalled 57 when it has been actively reached for rather than passively moved toward 6 . Yet, to date, 58 no studies have explored how active viewing conditions impact the way that humans 59 process complex visual stimuli, such as real-world scenes. 60 61Here, we used a novel experimental design to study real-world scene processing during 62 active and passive v...

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Integrating actions into object location memory: A benefit for active versus passive reaching movements

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Of “what” and “where” in a natural search task: Active object handling supports object location memory beyond the object’s identity

Of “what” and “where” in a natural search task: Active object handling supports object location memory beyond the object’s identity

Enhanced Memory as a Common Effect of Active Learning

Active Vision in Immersive, 360° Real-World Environments

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