“…A second data set contained survey results from the Integrating Behavioural Health and Primary Care, a multicentre, prospective randomised study of a practice-level intervention among chronically ill primary care patients from 2016 to 2021, described in detail elsewhere. 29 Briefly, we obtained health data and home addresses on 3797 adults with multiple chronic conditions from 44 primary care clinics across 13 US states including Alaska, Hawaii, California, Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Texas, Georgia, Kentucky, Ohio, New York, Massachusetts and Vermont (see online supplemental figure 1 ). All patients had multiple chronic conditions (arthritis, obstructive lung disease, chronic bronchitis or asthma, non-gestational diabetes, heart failure or hypertension, anxiety or depression, chronic pain (including headache, migraine, neuralgia, fibromyalgia or chronic musculoskeletal pain), insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome, substance use disorder, tobacco use or problem drinking) as determined by review of electronic health record visit data, problem lists, medication lists and laboratory results.…”