Integrating Cognitive Engineering Into Industry Design Teams

Pritchett, Amy R.; Strong, Alexandra Coso

doi:10.1177/1555343416654082

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…My former student Alexandra Coso Strong and I studied how stakeholder considerations are addressed in design teams in a large aircraft company. We found several constructs supportive of integrating stakeholder considerations to consider (Pritchett & Coso Strong, 2016).…”

Section: Translating Science Into Practicementioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two further constructs for integrating cognitive engineering into design noted by Coso Strong and myself take a more capitalistic metaphor (Pritchett & Coso Strong, 2016). The first is creating "boundary objects" that serve as intermediate descriptors of the design, accessible to all the members of the design team; the second is establishing "trading zones," in which different designers can trade off their concerns.…”

Section: Enacting Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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A Year in Review

Pritchett

2016

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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Reviewing the articles within this journal in 2016 reveals a diverse set of approaches and applications but consistent themes: first, translating practice to science and, second, translating science to practice. The first theme addresses the difficulty in understanding cognitive performance in complex work environments. For this, we need improved models of the myriad activities of workers in complex operations-recognizing that experts will adapt their behavior and need to respond to unexpected situations. Many of this year's articles note the need for multiple perspectives, for integrating multiple theories, and for recognizing that all parts of cognitive behavior are independent and, thus, no one factor can be isolated. The second theme, translating science to practice, then addresses the difficulty in applying this knowledge to improved designs. Such designs may focus on the worker (e.g., training), on processes and procedures, or on technology-regardless, they serve to translate understanding into implementation. A range of design approaches and insights are proposed in this year's articles, in domains ranging from rugby to aviation, health care, accident analysis, and autonomous systems.In his presidential address at this year's Annual Meeting of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES), William Marras discussed the relevance of the HFES to the grand challenges in society. He concluded by stressing the need to translate science into practice, noting the vital insights that we can bring to bear.As editor in chief of this HFES journal, I have reviewed all its articles published this past year through this lens of translation. Although these articles span many methods and application domains, they all share an emphasis on addressing the unique attributes of complex work environments. Thus, JCEDM provides a unique role to the HFES, as well to the broader communities spanning human factors, cognitive engineering, human system integration, and cognition in complex work environments. Furthermore, I argue that JCEDM has a key role in translating the meaning of the "human factor" to society as we grapple with the increasing complexity of informationrich, technology-heavy work, particularly given that human cognition retains authority for sense making, for the outcomes of decisions, and for organizing teams and entire agencies or domains into successful courses of action.This paper frames two forms of this translation. First, the next section reviews recent advances in translating practice into science-studies that fearlessly waded into complex work domains, with all their muddy, multiple confounding factors and dynamics, and demonstrated how to describe (sometimes even predict) cognitive performance; here, the focus is on constructing models and theories that are valued for their content validity and their ability to then inform design. Second, I review recent advances in translating science into practice. If engineering is defined as "the practical application of scientific knowledge to society's benefit," th...

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Section: Translating Science Into Practicementioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Enacting Changementioning

confidence: 99%

A Year in Review

Pritchett

2016

Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making

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“…This approach offers an alternative or supplementary means of exploring language usage and can be valuable for initially informing term selection and quickening consensus among team members during UCD efforts. Localized language awareness could possibly assist cognitive engineers in navigating design trading zones described by Pritchett & Strong (2016), potentially reducing resources allocated to decision making tasks and team frustration. Of equal importance, understanding and integrating local language use could contribute to consistency across applications and facilitate speaking the user's language with the ultimate goal of contributing to an overall reduction in user confusion and subsequent risks to patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Lexicon Extraction and Language Processing in Facilitating Language Awareness and Informing User-Centered Design in the Health Care Environment

Arnold

Fuller

2017

Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and

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The written word is a ubiquitous, critical, and time-sensitive design feature in the health care environment. Language critically influences understanding, decision making and subsequent actions. Words can influence usability, be confusing and cluttering, contribute to distraction and task disruption, and subsequently contribute to issues with clinician workload and patient safety. Design team members often hotly and at length deliberate over word selection during user centered design (UCD) efforts. Usability evaluation methods, when applied, can be valuable in facilitating a match between the system and the language spoken by users. In particular, usability evaluations can help designers identify confusing and ambiguous words and may suggest alternative choices. However, even with a hearty approach to design, word selection can be a bear of a task. This task can be time consuming, resource intensive, and frustrating for the design team, and suboptimal term selection may increase the risk of patient harm. The purpose of this paper is to encourage discussion on the use of natural language processing (NLP) approaches in facilitating local language awareness and informing UCD. The use of NLP in the health care domain is well documented when applied to narrative text for assisting in behind-the-scenes clinical decision support mechanisms and for assisting in risk analysis. Additionally, NLP may also be a valuable arrow in the designer’s quiver to inform conceptual design and the selection of user-facing terminology. This discussion attempts to expand upon documented uses of NLP in health care to its use in informing the selection of terminological design features with an emphasis on local design efforts in fostering safer patient care environments.

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