Few studies have examined the student learning effects of integrating science with mathematics and technology. We compared a school that integrated mathematics, science, and technology in grade 9 to a school in the same district that taught the three courses separately. The distinguishing feature of the integrating school was the reorganization of instruction in the three subjects to prepare students for seven group projects (involving a total of 25 hours) that required the application of knowledge and skill that were shared by the three subjects as well as learning outcomes that were unique to each. The study detected benefits for students in the integrated setting in terms of their ability to apply shared learning outcomes, student motivation, ability to work together, and attitudes to appraisal of group work. Female students in the integrated school had a better understanding of selected science learning outcomes. Attitudes toward mid-term exams were higher in the control school.Integrating Math, science, technology 3 3
Integrating mathematics, science, and technology: Effects on StudentsCurriculum integration is recommended by national organizations such as School science and mathematics (e.g., Underhill, 1995), the National Council of Teachers of mathematics (NCTM, 1991), and the American Association for the Advancement of science (Yager & Lutz, 1994). Yet few studies of the effects of integrated programs have been reported. This article reports a study that examined student outcomes in one integrated setting.The integrated program studied was refined over a four-year period. Teachers in three subjects (mathematics, science, and technology) covered the grade 9 courses mandated by the province in their own classrooms. The MST program differed from teaching in segregated settings: (a) At various times during the year (seven occasions in the first semester of 1995-96) students worked in three person teams to plan, construct, and evaluate a single group product (e.g., a model of a bridge). These projects took about 25 hours, representing 10% of the instructional time allocated to the three subjects. To complete the projects students needed to apply knowledge and skills unique to each subject and apply learning outcomes shared by them all. (b) The sequence of topics within disciplines was re-arranged so that students had knowledge at the time they needed it for each project. Teachers met frequently to ensure continuity among the subjects. (c) Teachers emphasized skills that were shared by all three subjects, such as the district's five-step inquiry model, a generic approach to problem solving. (d) Less important content was given little attention or was deleted entirely in order to make room for the