Integrating Health Care for Women Diagnosed with HIV Infection, Substance Abuse, and Mental Illness in Detroit, Michigan

Abstract

This article describes the evolution of Personalized Nursing, a comprehensive nursing practice model of care. Findings from several nursing research studies contributed to the development of Personalized Nursing. The model includes a practice model of the art of nursing care based on nursing theory and a specific nursing process that directs nursing care delivery. The process of care delivery includes location of hard-to-reach clients; linkage to health care providers; integration of care among providers for clients diagnosed with HIV, mental illness, and substance abuse; and strategies to promote retention in health care. Use of Personalized Nursing is designed to assist clients to improve their well-being and increase positive health-related behaviors. Personalized Nursing has been used in urban landscapes to serve multiply diagnosed clients at risk for HIV infection. The model is currently being used in a study targeting multiply diagnosed women who are lost to follow-up from medical care.

Interventions and approaches to integrating HIV and mental health services: a systematic review

“…In terms of treatment modalities, eight out of the 12 studies involved interventions that integrated HIV and mental health services (Andersen et al 2003, Sullivan et al 2015, Odokonyero et al 2015, Adams et al 2012a, Andersen 2012, Husbands et al 2007, Adams et al 2011, Adams et al 2012b) while four studies involved interventions that integrated HIV, mental health and substance abuse services (Wolfe et al 2003, Zaller et al 2007, Sacks et al 2011, Bouis et al 2007. Table 4 lists the papers that described interventions which had case managers who integrated services for patients through a care plan.…”

“…Out of the 12 studies, four described integrated care led by a nurse (Andersen et al 2003, Sullivan et al 2015, Odokonyero et al 2015, Adams et al 2012a, three described integrated care led by primary care staff (Andersen 2012, Wolfe et al 2003, Zaller et al 2007, three led by a social worker (Husbands et al 2007, Adams et al 2011, Bouis et al 2007, one led by a depression-care manager (Adams et al 2012b) and one that was integrated by the patient (Sacks et al 2011). In most of the studies, the case manager was responsible for providing or facilitating integrated care by linking patients and assisting them to access necessary services as part of an integrated treatment plan (Sullivan et al 2015, Andersen et al 2003, Husbands et al 2007, Zaller et al 2007, Bouis et al 2007.…”

“…In 12 of the studies, integration of services involved the use of a non-physician, such as a nurse or a social worker, acting as a case manager responsible for developing an integrated treatment care plan and facilitating referrals. Nine of the studies were conducted in a high-income country, of which eight were in the US (Andersen et al 2003, Sullivan et al 2015, Adams et al 2011, Wolfe et al 2003, Zaller et al 2007, Adams et al 2012b, Sacks et al 2011, Bouis et al 2007) and one in Canada (Husbands et al 2007); one was conducted in a middle-income country, South Africa (Andersen 2012); and two were conducted in low-income countries, in Uganda (Odokonyero et al 2015) and in Tanzania (Adams et al 2012a). Eleven studies were reported in full papers and one was a conference abstract (Andersen 2012).…”

“…Eleven studies were reported in full papers and one was a conference abstract (Andersen 2012). Of these, there were two descriptive studies (Andersen et al 2003, Zaller et al 2007, three RCTs (Adams et al 2012b, Husbands et al 2007, Sacks et al 2011, two nonrandomized intervention studies (Bouis et al 2007, Adams et al 2011, one cohort study (Adams et al 2012a), one case-series (Odokonyero et al 2015), one cross-sectional study (Wolfe et al 2003), one mixed-methods study (Andersen 2012) and one qualitative study (Sullivan et al 2015).…”

“…In most of the studies, the case manager was responsible for providing or facilitating integrated care by linking patients and assisting them to access necessary services as part of an integrated treatment plan (Sullivan et al 2015, Andersen et al 2003, Husbands et al 2007, Zaller et al 2007, Bouis et al 2007. In some instances, the development of the treatment plan involved the collaboration between the care coordinator and patient or care providers (Andersen et al 2003, Zaller et al 2007, Bouis et al 2007. In two studies, the nurse or primary care staff was also responsible for conducting screening for depression (Odokonyero et al 2015), other mental health issues or substance abuse (Wolfe et al 2003).…”