Integrating human responses to climate change into conservation vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning

Maxwell, Sean; Venter, Oscar; Jones, Kendall R.; Watson, James

doi:10.1111/nyas.12952

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 172 publications

(328 reference statements)

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“…For example, sustained restoration efforts (i.e., 15+ years) in brackish marshes help plant and animal communities to cope with drought events (Kinney, Quigg, & Armitage, 2014). Ecological restoration that helps species to adapt to extreme events can also benefit human communities with immediate adaptation needs (Maxwell, Venter, Jones, & Watson, 2015). There are now important examples of using oyster or seagrass beds to protect coastal areas from flooding offers substantial dual benefits for climate-vulnerable biodiversity and human communities (Borsje et al, 2011).…”

Section: Promoting Adaptation To Extreme Events Through Conservatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events

Maxwell

Butt

Maron

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

Self Cite

226

162

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Aim Many conservation efforts now focus on mitigating biodiversity loss due to climate change. While a focus on impacts from mean, long‐term changes in climate is warranted, the vast majority of conservation plans largely ignore another key factor of climate change—changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather and climate events. A typology of the full range and severity of ecological responses to extreme events would help underpin tracking of their impacts. Location Global. Methods Here, we review 519 observational studies of ecological responses to extreme events between 1941 and 2015. We include responses from amphibians, birds, fish, invertebrates, mammals, plants and reptiles to cyclones, drought, flood, cold waves and heat waves. Results Negative ecological responses were the most commonly reported, accounting for 57% of all documented responses. There were over 100 cases of a >25% population decline and 31 cases of local extirpation. Sixty per cent of the studies in our review observed ecological responses for more than 1 year, and of the studies that monitored species or ecosystem recovery following exposure to an extreme event, 38% showed species or ecosystems did not recover to pre‐disturbance levels. Main conclusions Extreme weather and climate events have profound implications for species and ecosystem management. We discuss current conceptual challenges associated with incorporating extreme events into conservation planning efforts, which include how to quantify species sensitivity and adaptive capacity to extreme events, how to account for interactions between extreme events and other stressors, and how to maximize adaptive capacity to more frequent and intense extreme events.

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Section: Promoting Adaptation To Extreme Events Through Conservatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events

Maxwell

Butt

Maron

et al. 2018

Diversity and Distributions

Self Cite

226

162

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For instance, adaptation measures to climate change may drive further environmental degradation without an adequate planning for biodiversity conservation [67,68], which outlines the importance of defining priorities that satisfy societal needs at the minimum costs for biodiversity [69].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiversity impacts of bioenergy production: Microalgae vs. first generation biofuels

Correa

Beyer

Possingham

et al. 2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

144

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Energy and fuel demands, which are currently met primarily using fossil fuels, are expected to increase substantially in the coming decades. Burning fossil fuels results in the increase of net atmospheric CO2 and climate change, hence there is widespread interest in identifying sustainable alternative fuel sources. Biofuels are one such alternative involving the production of different fuels which include biodiesel and bioethanol from plants.However, the environmental impacts of biofuels are not well understood. First generation biofuels (i.e. biofuels derived from edible biomass including crops such as maize and sugarcane) require extensive agricultural areas to produce sufficient quantities to replace fossil fuels, resulting in competition with food production, increased land clearing and pollution associated with agricultural production and harvesting. Microalgal production systems are a promising alternative that suffer from fewer environmental impacts. Here, we evaluate the potential impacts of microalgal production systems on biodiversity compared to first generation biofuels, through a review of studies and a comparison of environmental pressures that directly or indirectly impact biodiversity. We also compare the area of cultivation land required to meet gasoline and distillate fuel oil demands globally, accounting for spatial variation in productivity and energy consumption. We conclude that microalgal systems exert fewer pressures on biodiversity per unit of fuel generated compared to first generation biofuels, mainly because of reductions in direct and indirect land-use change, water consumption if water is recycled, and no application of pesticides.Further improvements of technologies and production methods, including optimization of productivities per unit area, colocation with wastewater systems and industrial CO2 sources, nutrient and water recycling and use of coproducts for internal energy generation, would 3 further increase CO2 savings. Overall pollution reductions can be achieved through increased energy efficiencies, along with nutrient and water recycling. Microalgal systems provide strong potential for meeting global energy demand sustainably.

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“…In each of these cases, the adaptations implemented have the potential to threaten nonhuman animal life, health, the availability of clean water, and adequate nutrition. 31 Crucially, wilderness animals must not bear the costs of adaptive responses that assist only sentient animals residing within human-built settlements.…”

Section: Four Derivative Dutiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adapting to Climate Change: What We Owe to Other Animals

Pepper

2018

J Applied Philosophy

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In this article, I expand the existing discourse on climate justice by drawing out the implications of taking animal rights seriously in the context of human‐induced climate change. More specifically, I argue that nonhuman animals are owed adaptive assistance to help them cope with the ill‐effects of climate change, and I advance and defend four principles of climate justice that derive from a general duty of adaptation. Lastly, I suggest that even if one can successfully argue that the protection of human interests in adaptation ought to be prioritised, nonhuman animal rights will continue to place significant constraints on climate change action.

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Integrating human responses to climate change into conservation vulnerability assessments and adaptation planning

Cited by 25 publications

References 172 publications

Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events

Conservation implications of ecological responses to extreme weather and climate events

Biodiversity impacts of bioenergy production: Microalgae vs. first generation biofuels

Adapting to Climate Change: What We Owe to Other Animals

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