“…Machine learning (ML), coupled with big data, has been flourishing in recent years. Integrating human knowledge into machine learning (Deng et al, 2020) has achieved functions and performance not available before and facilitated the interaction between human beings and machine learning systems, making machine learning decisions understandable to humans. Beyond the field of computer and data sciences such as computer vision, natural language processing, image recognition, and search engine, machine learning is increasingly used in the field of physics (Carleo et al, 2019;Dunjko and Briegel, 2018), chemistry (Goh et al, 2017;Panteleev et al, 2018), biology (Silva et al, 2019;Zitnik et al, 2019), engineering (Flah et al, 2020;Kim et al, 2018;McCoy and Auret, 2019), and materials science (Morgan and Jacobs, 2020).…”