Integrating Modelling of Maintenance Policies within a Stochastic Hybrid Automaton Framework of Dynamic Reliability

Arena, Simone; Roda, Irene; Chiacchio, Francesco

doi:10.3390/app11052300

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These processes may determine a hardly reversible, downward environmental spiral [60,61]. Considering the established network of protected areas in Rome's metropolitan area and the focus of regional planning on agricultural policies [30,62], land management strategies should reinforce the intrinsic (ecological and economic) linkage between agricultural systems (declining over time) and an ever-expanding forest cover [34,63,64]. The abandonment of traditional cropland, forest biodiversity loss [65][66][67], and the mitigation of wildfire risk are related phenomena that should be addressed with appropriate measures in tune with the specificities of local contexts in metropolitan regions [68][69][70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

et al. 2021

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Although peri-urban landscapes in Southern Europe still preserve a relatively high level of biodiversity in relict natural places, urban expansion is progressively consuming agricultural land and, in some cases, forest cover. This phenomenon has (direct and indirect) environmental implications, both positive and negative. The present study contributes to clarifying the intrinsic nexus between long-term urban expansion and forest dynamics in a representative Mediterranean city based on diachronic land-use maps. We discuss some counterintuitive results of urbanization as far as forest expansion, wildfire risk, and biodiversity conservation are concerned. Forest dynamics were investigated at two time intervals (1936–1974 and 1974–2018) representing distinctive socioeconomic contexts in the Rome metropolitan area in Central Italy. Additionally, the spatial relationship between forest cover and urban growth was evaluated using settlement density as a target variable. All over the study area, forest cover grew moderately over time (from 18.3% to 19.9% in the total landscape), and decreased along the urban gradient (i.e., with settlement density) more rapidly in 2018 than in 1936. The diversification of forest types (Shannon H index) was higher in areas with medium-density settlements, indicating a tendency towards more heterogeneous and mixed structures in rural and peri-urban woods that undergo rising human pressure. The dominance of a given forest type (Simpson’s D index) was higher at high settlement density areas. Evenness (Pielou’s J index) was the highest at low settlement density areas. The long-term assessment of land-use dynamics in metropolitan fringes enriched with a spatially explicit analysis of forest types may inform regional planning and environmental conservation, which could delineate appropriate strategies for sustainable land management in Southern European cities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

et al. 2021

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“…Even if documented by previous studies for other Mediterranean cities [19,40], this phenomenon is still a somewhat surprising result. However, this can be explained by a latent trend of industrial development during the late 2000s in Rome and other Mediterranean cities that has been consolidated in the last decade, caused by advances in production efficiency [41], being therefore marginally affected by recession. Greening, here intended as the conversion of urban marginal areas into croplands and forests, is the only trajectory experiencing an increase from 2006-2012 to 2012-2018, both in absolute (229 to 262 landscape patches) and in relative terms (6% to nearly 20%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Downturns and Land-Use Change: A Spatial Analysis of Urban Transformations in Rome (Italy) Using a Geographically Weighted Principal Component Analysis

Tomao

Mattioli²,

Fanfani

et al. 2021

Sustainability

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Globally, processes that drive urbanization have mostly evolved within economic downturns. Economic crises have been more severe and frequent, particularly in the Mediterranean region. However, studies on the recession effects on urbanization are limited. The present study explores possible differences in spatial direction and intensity of land-use change trajectories at two time intervals (2006–2012, 2012–2018) using high-resolution Copernicus Land Urban Atlas images in the Rome metropolitan area. To this aim, a landscape ecology classical approach based on land-use metric analysis combined with a multivariate spatial analysis has been carried out. Results have identified different land-use change patterns during expansion and recession. “Greening”, defined as the conversion of urban marginal areas into croplands and forests, increased during the recession. At the same time, the rate of urban expansion into rural areas decreased, thus indicating a beneficial effect of economic downturns in reducing urban sprawl.

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“…CPSs and DTs are constructed on various scales (1,(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11) . On the macroscopic scale, they are applied in areas such as weather forecasting (6) , optimization of logistics networks for supply chains (6) , and failure prognostic for parts replacement of machines (7)(8)(9)(10)(11) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin Science of Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Selective Review of Simulations for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering and Science

Okugawa

2022

ISIJ Int.

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A digital twin (DT) is a cyberspace replica of a system, such as manufacturing equipment. A DT consists of statistical models and computer simulations of physical phenomena occurring in the system. The modeling is adjusted to the system based on signals from sensors attached to the system and their temporal changes. In general, a DT is utilized to (i) predict phenomena occurring in the system, (ii) optimize control parameters, and (iii) estimate part replacement schedules. We propose to use a DT to elucidate the unique solidification phenomena occurring in a type of metal 3D printing (i.e., additive manufacturing: AM) process. Thus, we propose that applications of DT that obtain scientific data be referred to as "digital twin science (DTS)." This paper first reviews the fundamental of the AM process, particularly powder bed fusion (PBF) and relevant computer simulations, and then studies on computer simulations conducted to elucidate the relationship between the extreme conditions characteristic of the PBF process and solidification microstructures. The findings achieved by the DTS approach indicate that the combination of experimental and simulation data aid the future development of techniques to obtain required microstructures exhibiting desired properties.

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Integrating Modelling of Maintenance Policies within a Stochastic Hybrid Automaton Framework of Dynamic Reliability

Cited by 10 publications

References 43 publications

Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

Urbanization and Long-Term Forest Dynamics in a Metropolitan Region of Southern Europe (1936–2018)

Economic Downturns and Land-Use Change: A Spatial Analysis of Urban Transformations in Rome (Italy) Using a Geographically Weighted Principal Component Analysis

Digital Twin Science of Metal Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing: A Selective Review of Simulations for Integrated Computational Materials Engineering and Science

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