Integrating Smart Energy Management System with Internet of Things and Cloud Computing for Efficient Demand Side Management in Smart Grids

Abstract

The increasing price of and demand for energy have prompted several organizations to develop intelligent strategies for energy tracking, control, and conservation. Demand side management is a critical strategy for averting substantial supply disruptions and improving energy efficiency. A vital part of demand side management is a smart energy management system that can aid in cutting expenditures while still satisfying energy needs; produce customers’ energy consumption patterns; and react to energy-saving algorithms and directives. The Internet of Things is an emerging technology that can be employed to effectively manage energy usage in industrial, commercial, and residential sectors in the smart environment. This paper presents a smart energy management system for smart environments that integrates the Energy Controller and IoT middleware module for efficient demand side management. Each device is connected to an energy controller, which is the inculcation of numerous sensors and actuators with an IoT object, collects the data of energy consumption from each smart device through various time-slots that are designed to optimize the energy consumption of air conditioning systems based on ambient temperature conditions and operational dynamics of buildings and then communicate it to a centralized middleware module (cloud server) for management, processing, and further analysis. Since air conditioning systems contribute more than 50% of the electricity consumption in Pakistan, for validation of the proposed system, the air conditioning units have been taken as a proof of concept. The presented approach offers several advantages over traditional controllers by leveraging real-time monitoring, advanced algorithms, and user-friendly interfaces. The evaluation process involves comparing electricity consumption before and after the installation of the SEMS. The proposed system is tested and implemented in four buildings. The results demonstrate significant energy savings ranging from 15% to 49% and highlight the significant benefits of the system. The smart energy management system offers real-time monitoring, better control over the air conditioning systems, cost savings, environmental benefits, and longer equipment life. The ultimate goal is to provide a practical solution for reducing energy consumption in buildings, which can contribute to sustainable and efficient use of energy resources and goes beyond simpler controllers to address the specific needs of energy management in buildings.

PIR Sensor-Based Occupancy Monitoring in Smart Buildings: A Review of Methodologies and Machine Learning Approaches

“…They reviewed many studies on how to count people in different places, noting the types of spaces, their sizes, and how these studies measured results. They used this information to create a system for classifying the number of occupants in their own study, as follows: [0], [1][2], [3][4], [5][6], [7][8][9], [10][11][12], [13][14][15], [16][17][18], [19][20][21][22],. .…”

“…Such an approach is central to the systematic improvement of energy use and operational processes in modern facilities [2,3], extending beyond architectural design to encompass comprehensive building management and user comfort [4]. The real-time monitoring [5] and management of building systems [6], such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and security, are made possible by the IoT, which ranges from sophisticated cameras to different types of sensors [7][8][9]. The capacity to interpret this data using cutting-edge algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques enables smart buildings to "learn" and adapt to the preferences and behaviors of their occupants.…”

Passive Infrared Sensor-Based Occupancy Monitoring in Smart Buildings: A Review of Methodologies and Machine Learning Approaches

“…Such an approach is central to the systematic improvement of energy use and operational processes in modern facilities [ 2 , 3 ], extending beyond architectural design to encompass comprehensive building management and user comfort [ 4 ]. The real-time monitoring [ 5 ] and management of building systems [ 6 ], such as lighting, heating, ventilation, and security, are made possible by the IoT, which ranges from sophisticated cameras to different types of sensors [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. The capacity to interpret this data using cutting-edge algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques enables smart buildings to “learn” and adapt to the preferences and behaviors of their occupants.…”

The Research Agenda on Smart Grids: Foresights for Social Acceptance

“…SGs support demand response programs by smart meters offering precise and up-todate information on energy consumption, allowing consumers to make informed decisions about their energy consumption in response to real-time pricing signals and encouraging them to consider shifting their energy consumption to off-peak hours, thus assisting them in achieving cost savings [9][10][11]. SGs also enhance energy justice and energy security by prioritizing a dependable and robust power supply, particularly in regions that are distant or have limited access to resources [12][13][14].…”