Integrating Social Comparison Theory and Self-Esteem within Objectification Theory to Predict Women’s Disordered Eating

Tylka, Tracy L.; Sabik, Natalie J.

doi:10.1007/s11199-010-9785-3

Cited by 168 publications

(132 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Furthermore, menopause-related changes in body fat distribution or increasing BMI in middle-aged women are seen as having a negative impact on appearance [42][43][44]25]. Beyond this, the physiological changes after menopause could be associated with increased feelings of body dissatisfaction and lower psychological wellbeing than in the years before menopause [45,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, as supported by meta-analyses, self-esteem seems to be associated with disordered eating [22]. Lower self-esteem, which means a reduced sense of contentment, self-acceptance, and a reduced appraisal of one's own worth, predicts higher rates of eating disorders in young women [22][23][24][25] and body dissatisfaction or symptoms of bulimia nervosa in middleaged women [7,26,27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

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Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

et al. 2014

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Background: There has been limited research about disordered eating in middle-aged women, and to date, few data exist about restrained eating behavior in postmenopausal women. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine eating behavior with a specific focus on menopause as an associated factor in restrained eating. Beyond this, we were interested in how postmenopausal status and self-esteem would interact to determine eating patterns in women in middle age. Methods: We conducted an online survey in women aged between 40 and 66. Eating behavior was assessed with the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) in premenopausal (N = 318) and postmenopausal women (N = 250). All participants rated their self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) and reported their weight, height, waist circumference, and hip circumference. Results: 15.7% of all participants showed clinically meaningful scores on restrained eating. Postmenopausal women showed significantly higher scores on the EDE-Q subscale of restrained eating as compared to premenopausal women, but when controlling for body mass index, however, this finding was no longer significant. Further exploratory analyses suggest that particularly low or high self-esteem levels are associated with restrained eating. Self-esteem might serve as a mediator between menopausal status and restrained eating, however results of these additional analyses were inconsistent. Conclusions: Restrained eating may appear in middle-aged women. Particularly in postmenopausal women, restrained eating might be associated with lower and higher self-esteem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

et al. 2014

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“…These subjective experiences serve as the intermediate variables that link self-objectification to three specific mental health outcomes, which include depressed mood (Grabe, Hyde, & Lindberg, 2007;Tiggemann & Kuring, 2004), disordered eating (Calogero, Davis, & Thompson, 2005;Tylka & Hill, 2004;Tylka & Sabik, 2010), and sexual dysfunction Steer & Tiggemann, 2008). Thus, self-objectification indirectly contributes to greater depression, eating disorders, and sexual dysfunction in women by generating recurrent shame and anxiety, disrupting attention that could be directed toward pleasurable and rewarding activities, and reducing sensitivity to internal bodily cues.…”

Section: Consequences Of Self-objectificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On Objects and Actions: Situating Self-Objectification in a System Justification Context

Calogero

2013

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation

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Integrating objectification and system justification perspectives, this chapter offers a conception of self-objectification as a dominant cultural lens through which women come to view themselves that garners their compliance in the sexist status quo. This chapter begins with an overview of objectification theory (Fredrickson and Roberts 1997) and system justification theory (Jost and Banaji, 1994). Then, an integration of the two perspectives is presented that situates self-objectification in a system justification context, extending the scope of impact of self-objectification beyond the domains of body image and mental health. Empirical evidence is reviewed to demonstrate the direct and indirect ways that self-objectification works as a systemjustifying device for many women. For example, as a self-perspective that increases in response to benevolently sexist ideology or as a potential obstacle to taking collective action on behalf of women, self-objectification functions as a motivational and ideological force that rationalizes and legitimizes a gender role hierarchy. This developing program of research attempts to deepen our understanding of self-objectification and the broader system-level implications of this self-perspective. The chapter concludes with a discussion of potential next steps and a call for continued scientific inquiry into the broader functions of self-objectification.

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“…Social comparisons involve some degree of selfobjectification, or the chronic viewing of the self as an appearance object (Tylka and Sabik 2010). Newheiser et al (2010) demonstrated that gender is crucial for determining the impact of self-objectification on negative emotional experiences.…”

Section: Social Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promoting Positive Body Image in Males and Females: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions

Grogan

2010

Sex Roles

109

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Research presented in this special issue focuses on a number of key contemporary themes relating to gendered body image. This paper considers what these studies tell us about the associations between body image and self-esteem, internalization of thin/muscular ideals, social comparison, and social identity and makes suggestions for interventions to improve body image in girls/ women and boys/men. It is concluded that psycho-social interventions to reduce internalization, to make social comparison processes more realistic, to raise self-esteem and to enable people to question social identities related to body dissatisfaction may be useful short-term solutions to improving body image in males and females with negative images of their bodies. Since most evidence for effectiveness of these kinds of interventions has focused on women and girls, more work is needed on how to make these effective for men and boys.

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Integrating Social Comparison Theory and Self-Esteem within Objectification Theory to Predict Women’s Disordered Eating

Cited by 168 publications

References 60 publications

Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

Restrained eating and self-esteem in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

On Objects and Actions: Situating Self-Objectification in a System Justification Context

Promoting Positive Body Image in Males and Females: Contemporary Issues and Future Directions

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