Integrating Sustainable Transport Measures into the Clean Development Mechanism

Wittneben, Bettina; Bongardt, Daniel; Dalkmann, Holger; Sterk, Wolfgang; Baatz, Christian

doi:10.1080/01441640802133494

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The suitability of a sectoral approach for the transport sector was reviewed by Bodansky (2007), Meckling and Chung (2009), Schmidt et al . (2008), and Wittneben et al . (2009).…”

Section: Applicability Of New Mechanisms For Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Johansson, 2009; IEA/OECD 2009; Chapman, 2007). Policy instruments can be differentiated into planning, economic, regulatory and “soft” 1 (Wittneben et al ., 2009). Table 1 gives examples of how these instruments can be related to the Avoid‐Shift‐Improve strategies.…”

Section: Transport and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples of eligible activities would be land‐use planning, voluntary agreements for energy efficiency, a congestion charge, or eco‐driving training. However, the methodological complexities and uncertainties are not likely to be reduced (Wittneben et al ., 2009).…”

Section: Applicability Of New Mechanisms For Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Making climate instruments work for sustainable transport in developing countries

Bakker

Huizenga

2010

Natural Resources Forum

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In order to meet long‐term climate change mitigation objectives, emissions cuts are required in all regions across the globe and in all sectors, including transport. In financing this effort, the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the Global Environmental Facility (GEF) are until now the only international climate policy instruments under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change that provide incentives for emissions reductions in developing countries. More recently, the Clean Technology Fund (CTF) was established. In this paper, we show that the impact of these financing instruments on transport has been very limited, due to methodological difficulties, a data‐intensive monitoring process and the limited funding available. We argue that the transport sector is not likely to play a significant role in the continuation of a carbon credit offsetting scheme, unless these methodological requirements are simplified and significantly more funding is available. In the post‐2012 climate regime, there may be substantial international funding available in addition to existing credit schemes and international funds, which could be channeled through nationally appropriate mitigation actions (NAMAs). This can provide new and better opportunities for sustainable transport in developing countries. We propose a framework for NAMAs, including types of policies and measures, measurement, reporting and verification of the actions, and an institutional and financial structure. We conclude that climate funding needs to be aligned closely with domestic and multilateral development finance flows in order to make a difference for sustainable transport.

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“…The suitability of a sectoral approach for the transport sector was reviewed by Bodansky (2007), Meckling and Chung (2009), Schmidt et al . (2008), and Wittneben et al . (2009).…”

Section: Applicability Of New Mechanisms For Transportmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Transport and Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

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Making climate instruments work for sustainable transport in developing countries

Bakker

Huizenga

2010

Natural Resources Forum

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“…The complexity will increase if one considers factors such as changes in land use or driving behaviour. The required calculations thus face a range of methodological difficulties (Wittneben et al 2009, Sanchez 2008. In addition, financial support by the CDM in transport projects usually covers just a fraction of total project costs, generally less than two percent (San chez 2008).…”

Section: Forschung | Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…64-66;Wittneben et al 2009). These approaches could potentially provide stimulus for non-Annex I countries to introduce policies and measures that redirect investments.…”

Section: Emission Tradingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Sustainable Mobility in Developing Countries: Suggestions for a Post-2012 Agreement

Bongardt¹,

Sterk²,

Rudolph³

2009

GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society

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In December 2009, countries meet in Copenhagen to establish a new global climate agreement. This article links the need for reducing transport-related greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries with the current international climate negotiations. Arguing that a sustainable transport approach requires comprehensive policy packages, it assesses the suitability of current climate negotiation proposals in promoting sustainable transport. The project-based approach under the current climate regime incentivises neither comprehensive sustainable transport and mobility policies, nor sufficient numbers of local projects. Current proposals to increase efforts by developing countries, to reform the Clean Development Mechanism, and to create new emission trading mechanisms are promising but still have to overcome several obstacles. One obstacle involves how to properly assess the impact of actions while maintaining streamlined procedures. The authors conclude from their analysis that the best way forward would be to establish an international mitigation fund with a dedicated transport window financed by industrialised countries. This fund would enable developing countries to implement national policies and local projects. Developing countries would outline low-carbon development strategies, including a sectoral strategy for low-carbon transport.

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The potential of integrating vehicular emissions policy into Ghana’s transport policy for sustainable urban mobility

et al. 2019

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Auto vehicle emissions are a major challenge for ambient air pollution control in most developing countries including Ghana. Major auto emissions, particulate matter, are critical road transport emissions that threaten human health and the environment but are often excluded from policy discussions. In Ghana, vehicle acquisition schemes are not environmentally friendly and current national policies have alienated the monitoring of airborne emissions from the transport sector. This calls for the design and implementation of green transport and fuel economy options. We discuss the critical role of motor vehicle particulates in Ghana and propose policy solutions for sustainable urban mobility. We have shown that environmental remediation, social equity and sustainability can only be achieved when transport emissions are properly integrated in a coordinated transport policy. Ghana has a National Transport Policy that recognizes the challenges of environmental pollution due to vehicular emissions and uneconomic fuel consumption. There are green fuel policy proposals and a vehicle testing and licensing regime that is largely driven by mechanical and electrical functionality. Auto-vehicle emissions performance standards have not been developed and technical capacity for emissions testing is lacking. Ambient air monitoring is limited to particulate matter which is not nationally representative as it is confined to Greater Accra Region at only 15 sites. 77% of road users believe 20% of all cars in urban centres visibly exude fumes. Noise pollution and vehicular emissions were reported at 78% and 75% of 160 respondents respectively. Vehicle owners, drivers and driver unions are apprehensive of electric cars but would welcome a reliable, convenient and efficient mass transport system. Abatement strategies to reduce vehicular emissions particulates will require integrated solutions and inter-agency collaboration among regulatory institutions. The Environmental Protection Agency and Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority should be empowered to develop emissions performance standards and conduct real time monitoring of particulates with the assistance of the Motor Traffic and Transport Department of the Ghana Police Service. It is further recommended that volatile organic compounds, particularly benzene series contaminants, should be monitored by the Agency. Further research on vehicular emissions of volatile organic compounds and their health effects on road users should be carried out to understand the full impact of exposure of on-road emissions.

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Integrating Sustainable Transport Measures into the Clean Development Mechanism

Cited by 19 publications

References 9 publications

Making climate instruments work for sustainable transport in developing countries

Making climate instruments work for sustainable transport in developing countries

Achieving Sustainable Mobility in Developing Countries: Suggestions for a Post-2012 Agreement

The potential of integrating vehicular emissions policy into Ghana’s transport policy for sustainable urban mobility

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