Integrating the effects of sucrose intake on the brain and white adipose tissue: Could autophagy be a possible link?

Abstract

Excess dietary sucrose is associated with obesity and metabolic diseases. This relationship is driven by the malfunction of several cell types and tissues critical for the regulation of energy balance, including hypothalamic neurons and white adipose tissue (WAT). However, the mechanisms behind these effects of dietary sucrose are still unclear and might be independent of increased adiposity. Accumulating evidence has indicated that dysregulation of autophagy, a fundamental process for maintenance of cellular homeostasis, alters energy metabolism in hypothalamic neurons and WAT, but whether autophagy could mediate the detrimental effects of dietary sucrose on hypothalamic neurons and WAT that contribute to weight gain is a matter of debate.In this review, we examine the hypothesis that dysregulated autophagy in hypothalamic neurons and WAT is an adiposity-independent effect of sucrose that contributes to increased body weight gain. We propose that excess dietary sucrose leads to autophagy unbalance in hypothalamic neurons and WAT, which increases caloric intake and body weight, favoring the emergence of obesity and metabolic diseases.

High-fiber-diet-related metabolites improve neurodegenerative symptoms in patients with obesity with diabetes mellitus by modulating the hippocampal–hypothalamic endocrine axis

“…Dysregulation of autophagy alters energy metabolism in hypothalamic neurons and white adipose tissue (WAT). Imbalance of autophagy in hypothalamic neurons can lead to increased caloric intake and weight gain, resulting in obesity and metabolic disorders ( 72 ). Mitochondrial autophagy is critical for protecting neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region from ischaemic stress injury ( 73 ).…”

Lyoprotectant Formulation and Optimization of the J-Aggregates Astaxanthin/BSA/Chitosan Nanosuspension

“…In this study, we selected six effective lyophilization protectants: oligosaccharides, chitosan, maltose, mannitol, sorbitol, and L-lysine. Sucrose has been used as a lyophilized protective agent for many years, but in recent years it has been found that sucrose metabolizes to fructose and produces potential cardiovascular toxicity, so this option is ruled out in this study [ 22 ]. The ABC-NPs complex was used as a model for the nanocarriers, and the water molecules in the complex were purged using a freeze-drying technique.…”