Integrating users into the wider broadband network via high altitude platforms

Grace, David; Capstick, M.H.; Mohorčič, Mihael; Horwath, Joachim; Pallavicini, M.; Fitch, Michael

doi:10.1109/mwc.2005.1522112

Cited by 68 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This layer is primarily responsible for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The stratosphere is characterized by its high static stability, with which the temperature goes up but the pressure decreases as its altitude is higher in this layer [1], [2], [4], [5]. Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Data Communication Using High Altitude Balloon Based on Cubesat Payload

Kimm¹,

Kang²,

Bruinga³

et al. 2015

JACN

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Abstract-High-altitude balloons can carry small payloads to altitudes higher than 100,000 feet into the stratosphere to so called "near-space", where satellite components and payloads can be tested in harsh environment to simulate the actual space environment. In particular, a high-altitude balloon flight with satellite communication payloads weighing up to a few pounds is a cost-effective to test the link. In this balloonSat project, several challenges in the stratosphere testing of CubeSat satellite were explored. The focus of the test included functionalities of batteries and 2.4 HGz transceiver in low temperature and long range. In addition, the GPS-enabled radio system functionality was tested for changing altitude and velocity during the flight. A 9 degree-of-freedom sensor logged the flight condition throughout the mission. Using the GPS and Automatic Position Reporting System (APRS), a balloonSat was tracked and recovered successfully. The results showed that all components tested functioned well.Index Terms-Balloon satellite, payload design, high-altitude balloon, space systems software. I. INTRODUCTIONThe atmosphere surrounding the Earth's surface consists of several layers, which are defined by physical properties mostly: temperature, wind speed, air density, and atmospheric pressure. The layers of the atmosphere are named, starting from Earth's surface, such as troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere [1]-[3].The troposphere layer extends from the earth's surface up to 10 to 18 km in altitude, but the defining altitude varies upon seasons and geographical positions. The air pressure of higher points of the troposphere is measured merely as ten percent of sea level's air pressure. The air temperature of the troposphere generally decreases as it goes higher; and almost all weather phenomena including rain occur in the lower part of this layer.It is known that around 80% of the total air mass resides in the lower altitude of the troposphere layer. The stratosphere, which resides above the troposphere, stretched with an altitude of approximately 50 km above the ground. The ozone layer resides in the upper stratosphere and more than 99% of the total air mass is concentrated in the first 40 km from the earth's surface. This layer is primarily responsible for absorbing the ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. The stratosphere is characterized by its high static stability, with which the temperature goes up but the pressure decreases as its altitude is higher in this layer [1], [2], [4], [5]. Fig. 1 shows a graphical representation of these regions. For this balloonSat project, the main objective was to test CubeSat satellite hardware in stratosphere for their survivability and functionality. Firstly, the components inside the CubeSat satellite [6] were to be tested as a payload to the balloon. Secondly, the satellite communication system consisting of a wireless 2.4 GHz modem (MXH2040 [7]) for long-range signal strength and functionality using a circular patch antenna [8]. In order t...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real Time Data Communication Using High Altitude Balloon Based on Cubesat Payload

Kimm¹,

Kang²,

Bruinga³

et al. 2015

JACN

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“…Operating at altitudes between 17 and 22 km, High-Altitude Platforms (HAPs) have been suggested to provide either broadband wireless access services [1] or 3G/4G mobile services [2,3] with aerial vehicles, such as unmanned airships, solar-powered unmanned aircraft or manned aircraft [4]. Such platforms benefit from line-of-sight links without excessive path loss and delay associated with satellite systems, and meanwhile, the system can be deployed rapidly, which is critical in situations such as disasters or earthquakes that destroy terrestrial infrastructure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐HAP handoff analysis for multi‐cell short‐endurance HAP communications systems

Grace

Wei

et al. 2010

Satell Commun Network

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SUMMARYIn this paper, we investigate an inter-high-altitude platform (HAP) handoff model for multi-cell shortendurance HAP wireless communications systems. Equations are derived to calculate system parameters, such as minimum user beamwidth and handoff opportunity (HO) interval, and system performance, such as handoff success ratio, inter-HAP HO start rate and handoff load, when the current serving platform is replaced either for maintenance or for periodic replacement. Research results show some directions on how to select the trajectory of the platform, user beamwidth and handoff schemes. It is shown that it is better for the replacing platform to fly above and be as close as possible to the current serving platform. A higher altitude adopted by the current serving platform will allow a narrower user beamwidth. Two cellular handoff schemes are presented. It is shown that in the case of users with a wider antenna beamwidth free selection of any handoff destination cell can result in the handoff load being very high. By restricting the handoff destination cell to the cell with the same cell number within the footprints of the two platforms, the handoff traffic can be reduced to a minimum, but the two platforms are required to maintain the same relative cell layout.

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“…However, owing to the amount of new infrastructure required it will still be some time before 3G is ubiquitous, especially in developing countries. One possible cost effective solution for deployments in these areas is to use High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) [4,5,[9][10][11]17,20,21,23,24] for delivering 3G (WCDMA) communications services over a wide area of coverage [6]. HAPs are either unmanned airships or planes that will operate in the stratosphere, 17-22 km above the ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectrum reuse can also be exploited in these scenarios to deliver both coverage and capacity enhancement to the system. Such a technique has already been examined for TDMA/FDMA systems [3,10,11]. The degree of bandwidth reuse and resulting capacity gain, is dependent on several factors, in particular the platform diversity and intelligent use of compact antenna arrays to facilitate spatial and polarization multiplexing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of a Multiple HAP System Employing Multiple Polarization

Hult

Mohammed

Yang

et al. 2008

Wireless Pers Commun

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In this paper we address the potential gain of using compact MIMO antenna array configurations in conjunction with HAP (High Altitude Platforms) diversity techniques in order to increase the data rates in HAP communication systems. We will also investigate the effects of spatial correlation and mutual coupling between the separate antenna elements on system performance. Simulation results show that although the capacity is degraded by correlation and mutual coupling, we still achieve significant capacity gain compared to the single HAP case. In addition, we evaluate the performance of the system for different separation angles between HAPs, and determine the optimal separation angle that maximizes the total capacity of the system.

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Integrating users into the wider broadband network via high altitude platforms

Cited by 68 publications

References 6 publications

Real Time Data Communication Using High Altitude Balloon Based on Cubesat Payload

Real Time Data Communication Using High Altitude Balloon Based on Cubesat Payload

Inter‐HAP handoff analysis for multi‐cell short‐endurance HAP communications systems

Performance of a Multiple HAP System Employing Multiple Polarization

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