Integrating Vertebrate and Invertebrate Season of Capture Data from Ring III of the Sapelo Island Shell Ring Complex (9MC23), Georgia, USA

Colaninno, Carol E.; Compton, J. Matthew

doi:10.1080/15564894.2018.1458763

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…However, variation in estimated salinity values indicate that villagers at all three rings were targeting a wide range of habitats. This is corroborated by previously publish data on vertebrate remains from Ring III (see supplemental information), which consists of marine fishes from a variety of habitats that could be captured year-round and using a range of fishing technologies [13]. Moreover, recent research shows that Native American communities along the South Atlantic coast sustainably harvested oysters for thousands of years, evidenced by an increase in oyster size from the Late Archaic through Mississippian periods (5000 -370 cal.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

“…The resulting carbon dioxide was cryogenically purified from the other reaction products and catalytically converted to graphite as described in Cherkinsky et al [15]. Graphite 14 C/ 13 C ratios were measured using the CAIS 0.5 MeV accelerator mass spectrometer. The sample ratios were compared to the ratio measured from the Oxalic Acid I (NBS SRM 4990).…”

Section: Radiocarbon Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sample ratios were compared to the ratio measured from the Oxalic Acid I (NBS SRM 4990). The sample 13 C/ 12 C ratios were measured separately using a stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer and expressed as d 13 C with respect to PDB, with an error of less than 0.1‰. The quoted uncalibrated dates have been given in radiocarbon years before 1950 (years BP), using the 14 C half-life of 5568 years.…”

Section: Radiocarbon Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast

Garland

Thompson

Sanger

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Circular shell rings along the Atlantic Coast of southeastern North America are the remnants of some of the earliest villages that emerged during the Late Archaic Period (5000 – 3000 BP). Many of these villages, however, were abandoned during the Terminal Late Archaic Period (ca 3800 – 3000 BP). Here, we combine Bayesian chronological modeling with multiple environmental proxies to understand the nature and timing of environmental change associated with the emergence and abandonment of shell ring villages on Sapleo Island, Georgia. Our Bayesian models indicate that Native Americans occupied the three Sapelo shell rings at varying times with some generational overlap. By the end of the complex’s occupation, only Ring III was occupied before abandonment ca. 3845 BP. Ring III also consists of statistically smaller oysters ( Crassostrea virginica ) that people harvested from less saline estuaries compared to earlier occupations. These data, when integrated with recent tree ring analyses, show a clear pattern of environmental instability throughout the period in which the rings were occupied. We argue that as the climate became unstable around 4300 BP, aggregation at shell ring villages provided a way to effectively manage fisheries that are highly sensitive to environmental change. However, with the eventual collapse of oyster fisheries and subsequent rebound in environmental conditions ca. 3800 BP, people dispersed from shell rings, and shifted to non-marine subsistence economies and other types of settlements. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence correlations between large-scale environmental change and societal transformations on the Georgia coast during the Late Archaic period.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Radiocarbon Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Radiocarbon Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast

Garland

Thompson

Sanger

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The nonhuman vertebrate collection includes species rarely represented among other well-studied Late Archaic shell-ring collections, such as a small sperm whale ( Kogia sp. ), alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis ), woodpecker ( Picidae ), and belted kingfisher ( Megaceryle alcyon ; Colaninno 2012; Colaninno and Compton 2018). The remains of these taxa are not represented or are extremely uncommon among the studied collections from the surrounding shell midden, which otherwise contains large numbers of locally available animals, such as estuarine fishes (Colaninno and Reitz 2015; Reitz 2014).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Great Lakes Copper and Shared Mortuary Practices on the Atlantic Coast: Implications for Long-Distance Exchange during the Late Archaic

et al. 2019

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Analysis of human remains and a copper band found in the center of a Late Archaic (ca. 5000–3000 cal BP) shell ring demonstrate an exchange network between the Great Lakes and the coastal southeast United States. Similarities in mortuary practices suggest that the movement of objects between these two regions was more direct and unmediated than archaeologists previously assumed based on “down-the-line” models of exchange. These findings challenge prevalent notions that view preagricultural Native American communities as relatively isolated from one another and suggest instead that wide social networks spanned much of North America thousands of years before the advent of domestication.

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“…Specifically, the methods I used provide an estimated sum, or average, number of people creating ceramic refuse at the study site across a defined span of time. Decades of research on the southeastern coasts of the United States have demonstrated that populations were largely sedentary across the time span in question, but the possibility of seasonal population fluctuations at the site level cannot be ignored (Thomas 2008a;Thompson and Andrus 2011;Colaninno and Compton 2019;Sanger et al 2019). However, the methods applied here would not be sensitive to seasonal population fluctuations at the site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Radiocarbon Data to Chronologically Control Population Density Estimates Derived From Systematically Collected Intra-Settlement Distributional Data

Ritchison

2020

Radiocarbon

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Population density is an important variable in the development of social complexity. Estimating population densities from the archaeological record requires combining estimates of population, area, and time. Archaeological population estimates tend to be reported as a maximum population derived from the total accumulation of discrete archaeological material types, usually ceramics or radiocarbon (14C) dates. However, given the palimpsest nature of the archaeological record at recurrently occupied archaeological sites, these maximal, total estimates are, at best, a poor reflection of contemporaneous populations. I present a method for calculating average yearly population densities for occupations at a large, multicomponent site using a combination of distributional data and 60 14C dates. By employing this method at other sites in the same region, modeling intra-regional population dynamics at fine time scales will be possible.

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Integrating Vertebrate and Invertebrate Season of Capture Data from Ring III of the Sapelo Island Shell Ring Complex (9MC23), Georgia, USA

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast

A Multi-proxy assessment of the impact of climate change on Late Holocene (4500-3800 BP) Native American villages of the Georgia coast

Great Lakes Copper and Shared Mortuary Practices on the Atlantic Coast: Implications for Long-Distance Exchange during the Late Archaic

Using Radiocarbon Data to Chronologically Control Population Density Estimates Derived From Systematically Collected Intra-Settlement Distributional Data

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