Integration leitfähiger Funktionen mittels Fused Layer Modeling

Watschke, Hagen; Rautenberg, D.; Waalkes, Lennart; S., C.; Vietor, T.

doi:10.3139/9783446454606.030

Cited by 3 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…As the raster angle orientation regarding the adjustability of resistivity is hardly considered in the studies mentioned above, it was focused in in this contribution. Solely, Watschke et al (2017) [1] investigated specifically the influence of different infill patterns on resistivity and found that it provides a vast potential for adjusting the resulting resistance of additively manufactured structures. Indeed, they only analyzed the carbon black filled material electrical conductor (see Figure 1), whereas the second specimen was much broader and formed as a flat rectangle (see Figure 2) to reproduce a heat radiating structure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both factors of influence regarding geometry, e.g., build orientation [2,[22][23][24], and with regard to process are investigated, for instance, raster angle [1,2], raster width [21], air gap or flow rate [1,21] as well as active cooling [4], extrusion speed [4], and temperature [1,4]. In addition to electrical conductivity, Watschke et al (2017) [1] and Dul et al (2018) [2] investigated resistive heating due to process-and material-specific variations. In contrast to carbon allotropes, Tan and Low (2018) [18] developed highly conductive metal composites by filling PA6 (polycaprolactam-6) and HDPE (high density polyethylene) with 5-35 vol % of nickel powder and Sn95Ag4Cu1 (tin alloy) in a ratio of 2:3.…”

Section: Characterization Of Electrically Conductive Composite Materimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Multi-material parts manufactured by additive manufacturing (AM) demonstrate a vast potential regarding the integration of several, material-specific functions due to combining multiple materials into one part without an additional joining process needed. For example, conductive materials can be combined with conventional build materials to realize conductivity inside specific areas of the part, so that the assembly and maintenance of heat radiant surfaces [1,2], 3D printed circuits [3,4] or tactile sensors [5,6] would be omitted. Whereas only few AM technologies are capable of processing multiple materials within the manufacturing process, the AM technology material extrusion (MEX) is predestinated in this regard due to its process principle (discrete material transition) [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using AM technologies for generating multi-material parts enables functional integration via discrete local material variations. In addition, a specific design of material properties such as electrical resistance due to a targeted utilization of process parameters variations or part geometry [1,2,4] expands the design freedom. Hence, in contrast to traditional manufacturing processes (e.g., milling temples of a sunglasses and used to power an LCD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Watschke et al (2017) [1] presented an integrated heating panel by combining a carbon black filled composite with a PLA that changes the color depending on temperature. Thus, besides a heating function, they integrated an optical signal as a design element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion

2019

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Multi-material additive manufacturing offers new design freedom for functional integration and opens new possibilities in innovative part design, for instance, a local integration of electrically conductive structures or heat radiant surfaces. Detailed experimental investigations on materials with three different fillers (carbon black (CB), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and nano copper wires) were conducted to identify process-specific influencing factors on electrical conductivity and resistive heating. In this regard, raster angle orientation, extrusion temperature, speed and flow rate were investigated. A variation of the raster angle (0 • , ±45 • , and 90 • ) shows the highest influence on resistivity. An angle of 0 • had the lowest electrical resistance and the highest temperature increase due to resistive heating. The material filled with nano copper wires showed the highest electrical conductivity followed by the CNT filled material and materials filled with CB. Both current-voltage characteristics and voltage-dependent heat distribution of the surface temperature were determined by using a thermographic camera. The highest temperature increase was achieved by the CNT filled material. The materials filled with CB and nano copper wires showed increased electrical resistance depending on temperature. Based on the experiments, solution principles and design rules for additively manufactured electrically conductive structures are derived. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 779 2 of 25 or casting), the designer has entirely new opportunities in product design. Consequently, there are two big challenges. On the one hand, the design engineer needs to be supported to ensure a consideration of these new design potentials in conceptual design. On the other hand, rules for designing conductive structures have to be established, for instance, to adjust the electrical resistance. The latter research gap is focused on in this contribution. Therefore, a simultaneous consideration of part design and process planning is crucial to leverage the advantages of AM's design freedom [9]. A provision of specific knowledge regarding AM's design potentials is essential for both, conceptual design (e.g., solution principles) and detail design (e.g., design rules) [10]. At present, no systematic consideration of the design potentials of multi-material AM, especially regarding electrically conductive structures, in product development is possible. There are only rudimentary frameworks [11] or general design heuristics for multi-material AM [12,13]. Moreover, design rules for MEX generally concern only geometrical restrictions [14] or consider process related influencing factors on mechanical properties [15]. However, no specific guidelines and rules for the design of additively manufactured conductive structures have been developed. Consequently, designers have no common basis on which functions such as electrical conductivity or heat radiation can be integrated in multi-material parts manufactured by MEX.Extensive experimental investigations were condu...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Electrically Conductive Composite Materimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion

2019

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Verbesserung der Klebeignung von Polypropylen durch additiv gefertigte Oberflächenstrukturen und Multi-Material-Druck

Watschke

Gruhn

Fischer

et al. 2019

Konstruktion Für Die Additive Fertigung 2018

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Development of Novel Test Specimens for Characterization of Multi-Material Parts Manufactured by Material Extrusion

et al. 2018

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Multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) offers new design opportunities for functional integration and opens new possibilities in innovative part design, for example, regarding the integration of damping or conductive structures. However, there are no standardized test methods, and thus test specimens that provide information about the bonding quality of two materials printed together. As a result, a consideration of these new design potentials in conceptual design is hardly possible. As material extrusion (ME) allows easily combination of multiple polymeric materials in one part, it is chosen as an AM technique for this contribution. Based on a literature review of commonly used standards for polymer testing, novel test specimens are developed for the characterization of the bonding quality of two ME standard materials printed together. The proposed specimen geometries are manufactured without a variation of process parameters. The load types investigated in the course of this study were selected as examples and are tensile, lap-shear, and compression-shear. The conducted tests show that the proposed test specimens enable a quantification of the bonding quality in the material transition. Moreover, by analyzing the fracture pattern of the interface zone, influencing factors that probably affect the interface strength are identified, which can be further used for its optimization.

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Integration leitfähiger Funktionen mittels Fused Layer Modeling

Cited by 3 publications

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Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion

Design and Characterization of Electrically Conductive Structures Additively Manufactured by Material Extrusion

Verbesserung der Klebeignung von Polypropylen durch additiv gefertigte Oberflächenstrukturen und Multi-Material-Druck

Development of Novel Test Specimens for Characterization of Multi-Material Parts Manufactured by Material Extrusion

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