Integration of a primary healthcare pharmacist

Kolodziejak, Lynette; Rémillard, Alfred J.; Neubauer, Shannan L.

doi:10.3109/13561820903130149

Cited by 40 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The studies were from 11 countries and most of the studies were conducted in Canada ( n = 17) [45, 51–53, 55, 57, 63, 65, 66, 71, 78–80, 82–84, 87], followed by the USA ( n = 12) [40, 43, 44, 47, 49, 56, 58, 72, 76, 77, 85, 86], the UK ( n = 7) [39, 48, 59, 64, 68, 70, 81], Australia ( n = 4) [42, 73–75], New Zealand ( n = 2) [41, 62], Sweden ( n = 2) [54, 67], France ( n = 1) [50], Spain ( n = 1) [46], Netherlands ( n = 1) [60], Brazil ( n = 1) [61] and Republic of South Africa ( n = 1) [69]. Thirty-two different primary care professionals participated in these studies, with most of the data relating to General Practitioners/Family Physicians (42 papers), nurses (35 papers), pharmacists (14 papers) and administrative staff (11 papers) (Table 3).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fifteen papers were based on co-located teams [43, 48, 49, 53, 54, 56, 58, 65, 70, 71, 75, 83–85, 87] and 16 were from settings where the team is made up of some co-located professionals who are working with others in different sites [40, 42, 45, 46, 60, 64, 66, 68, 69, 73, 74, 80–82, 86]. Details about the physical infrastructure of the team being studied were not explicit in 18 papers [39, 41, 44, 47, 50–52, 55, 57, 61–63, 67, 72, 76–79].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the facilitators and barriers of interdisciplinary team working in primary care using normalisation process theory: An integrative review

et al. 2017

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BackgroundInterdisciplinary team working is of paramount importance in the reform of primary care in order to provide cost-effective and comprehensive care. However, international research shows that it is not routine practice in many healthcare jurisdictions. It is imperative to understand levers and barriers to the implementation process. This review examines interdisciplinary team working in practice, in primary care, from the perspective of service providers and analyses 1 barriers and facilitators to implementation of interdisciplinary teams in primary care and 2 the main research gaps.Methods and findingsAn integrative review following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted. Following a search of 10 international databases, 8,827 titles were screened for relevance and 49 met the criteria. Quality of evidence was appraised using predetermined criteria. Data were analysed following the principles of framework analysis using Normalisation Process Theory (NPT), which has four constructs: sense making, enrolment, enactment, and appraisal. The literature is dominated by a focus on interdisciplinary working between physicians and nurses. There is a dearth of evidence about all NPT constructs apart from enactment. Physicians play a key role in encouraging the enrolment of others in primary care team working and in enabling effective divisions of labour in the team. The experience of interdisciplinary working emerged as a lever for its implementation, particularly where communication and respect were strong between professionals.ConclusionA key lever for interdisciplinary team working in primary care is to get professionals working together and to learn from each other in practice. However, the evidence base is limited as it does not reflect the experiences of all primary care professionals and it is primarily about the enactment of team working. We need to know much more about the experiences of the full network of primary care professionals regarding all aspects of implementation work.Systematic review registrationInternational Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews PROSPERO 2015: CRD42015019362.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the facilitators and barriers of interdisciplinary team working in primary care using normalisation process theory: An integrative review

et al. 2017

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“…The results of this study support the findings of previous studies on general practitioners and community pharmacists. Interactional and practitioner determinants such as, open communication, trust, respect, a willingness to work together, past professional experiences, mutual recognition of roles and expectations have been reported in previous studies (Bradley et al, 2008;Dieleman et al, 2004;Kolodziejak, 2010;Liu, Doucette, & Farris, 2010;Makowsky et al, 2009;McGrath et al, 2010;Snyder et al, 2010;Zillich, McDonough, Carter, & Doucette, 2004). For example, a US survey of 340 primary care physicians found that participant, context and exchange characteristics influenced collaborative relationships with exchange characteristics such as role specification, trustworthiness and relationship initiation the most influential drivers (Zillich et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

General practitioner–pharmacist interactions in professional pharmacy services

Van

Mitchell

Krass

2011

Journal of Interprofessional Care

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Australian community pharmacies offer a range of professional pharmacy services (PPS) which include Home Medicines Review (HMR) and the Diabetes Medication Assistance Service (DMAS). The extent of interaction and collaboration between general practitioners (GPs) and pharmacists in the context of these services is unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate (1) the nature and extent of interactions between GPs and community pharmacists and; (2) the factors that influence these interactions in the context of PPS. Individual semi-structured face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of 15 GPs and 15 pharmacists in rural and metropolitan areas of New South Wales, Australia. The results indicated that involvement in PPS resulted in a perceived increase in the level of interactions between the pharmacist and GP. Factors found which may influence collaborative behaviour in PPS include interactional, practitioner and environmental determinants. These factors are in line with what has previously been reported however, facilitators of collaboration in the primary care, PPS context included additional environmental factors such as the presence of rules and protocols, interprofessional continuing education and the availability of adequate remuneration. Attention to these environmental factors as well as the more established interactional and practitioner determinants will improve collaboration in PPS.

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“…A simple protocol should be developed that is similar to existing team procedures for referring patients to other consultants. 25,27,[34][35][36] It may be useful to create a pharmacist referral form to facilitate the process (samples available at www.impactteam.info). Access to administrative support for booking patient appointments or sending faxes is also very useful and will ensure efficient use of pharmacist time.…”

Section: Practiceguidelinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for pharmacists integrating into primary care teams

et al. 2013

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PRACTICE GUIDELINESPeer-reviewed Guidelines for pharmacists integrating into primary care teams Derek Jorgenson, BSP, PharmD, FCSHP; Dan Dalton, BSc; Barbara Farrell, BScPhm, PharmD, FCSHP; Ross T. Tsuyuki, BSc(Pharm), PharmD, MSc, FCSHP, FACC; Lisa Dolovich, BScPhm, PharmD, MSc IntroductionHealth systems are moving toward a more interprofessional approach to primary care. This team-based paradigm has had a significant impact on the role of pharmacists within primary health care systems. Within the past decade, nondispensing clinical pharmacists have been integrated into many Primary Care Trusts in the United Kingdom, 1,2 primary care teams in North America 3-5 and similar practice settings around the world. 6,7 Pharmacists bring value to these teams by improving medication use through individual patient assessments and population-based interventions, providing education and drug information to other team members and implementing system-level practice enhancements. Pharmacists commonly encounter barriers to integrating into these primary care teams. For example, many experience a lack of role clarity, and other team members' expectations regarding the pharmacists' responsibilities are frequently unclear. 4,[8][9][10][11] In addition, patients often do not understand the role of the pharmacist in this setting. 9,10,12 Pharmacists are also typically unfamiliar with the roles of other team members, 13 creating difficulties in collaborating successfully.14-16 During the early stages, pharmacists often depend on other team members to assist in their integration, creating additional work for nurses and physicians.17 Other frequently reported barriers include physician resistance, lack of pharmacist assertiveness, inadequate pharmacist support, lack of space and inadequate pharmacist training. [9][10][11]13,14,[17][18][19][20][21] Many of these barriers to pharmacist integration can be minimized or avoided if pharmacists are prepared. Unfortunately, recent evidence suggests that pharmacists often continue to make the same mistakes and struggle to integrate into these teams, despite the fact that these barriers are well documented in the literature. 22 The purpose of these guidelines is to provide recommendations that will assist pharmacists to successfully integrate into existing primary care teams. MethodsA literature search was performed in OVID Books, MEDLINE, Embase and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts to identify publications related to the experiences of pharmacists in primary care teams. Additional studies were identified from bibliographical reviews of pertinent articles. Relevant articles from the search were selected for detailed review if they contained qualitative or quantitative data related to pharmacists' experiences integrating into primary care teams. Articles were excluded if they were not available in the English language. Two authors (DJ, DD) independently reviewed the relevant articles from the search and made lists of authors' conclusions about how pharmacists could have integrated bet...

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Integration of a primary healthcare pharmacist

Cited by 40 publications

References 10 publications

Assessing the facilitators and barriers of interdisciplinary team working in primary care using normalisation process theory: An integrative review

Assessing the facilitators and barriers of interdisciplinary team working in primary care using normalisation process theory: An integrative review

General practitioner–pharmacist interactions in professional pharmacy services

Guidelines for pharmacists integrating into primary care teams

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