Integration of absorption heat pumps in a Kraft pulp process for enhanced energy efficiency

Exergy analysis of an experimental heat transformer for water purification

“…The proposed methodology was useful in determining not only the best plant operating conditions but also establishing the components or subsystems with the highest irreversibilities. Costa et al [14] reported a preliminary feasibility study of the implementation of various absorption heat pump configurations in a Kraft pulping process. Three different cases were considered: (i) integration of a double lift heat transformer into the heat recovery circuit of the wood chips digesters to produce low pressure steam (ii) a double effect chiller installed in the bleaching chemicals making plant to chill cooling water and produce middle pressure steam and (iii) a heat pump installed on the steam extraction line of a turbine which, combined with the addition of a condensing unit, increases substantially the power output.…”

Pathways to a sustainable European kraft pulp industry: Trade-offs between economy and CO2 emissions for different technologies and system solutions

“…The diagrams illustrate the trade-off between annual net profit and global CO 2 emissions for the optimal solution as well as for the five other solutions. A more detailed 6 In this study a capital recovery factor of 0.2 has been used. A capital recovery factor of 0.2 is equivalent to e.g.…”

Systems interactions analysis for the energy efficiency improvement of a Kraft process

“…The potential for power production generated by internal heat recovery to generate additional revenues has also been investigated [16,19e23]. Examples of implementation of absorption heat pumps and trigeneration units to reduce the minimum cooling and heating demands of a process, and produce power but without regard to Pinch Analysis have been presented [24]. The appropriate positioning in the process of the cogeneration unit and absorption heat pump by means of the composite curves have since been proposed [20,25e27].…”