With the development of computer image processing technology, intelligent packaging design optimisation and printing effect prediction has become an important research direction in the packaging and printing industry. This paper applies image processing and artificial intelligence technology to design an intelligent packaging design platform. Through simulation experiments and questionnaires, the impact of packaging design optimization on the platform is evaluated. A packaging printing defect detection system is also constructed to improve the printing effect by automatically monitoring the defects in the printing image. The intelligent packaging design platform in this paper scored 9.2, 9.7, 10, 9.7, and 9.3 in order of handling performance, packaging protection performance, packaging utilisation, environmental performance, and cost overhead, showing better protection performance. In addition, most of the people scored 4 or more on the recognition of the platform for packaging optimization. This paper’s printing defect detection system has superior defect monitoring and classification performance. It shows a significant negative correlation with the printing results of silkscreen defects, scratches, stains, too-light ink, printing ghosting, and inconsistent graphic thickness. The intelligent packaging design platform and printing defect detection system designed in this paper can optimize the packaging design and accurately predict the printing effect due to their intelligent and high-precision performance.