Integration of biomolecular logic gates with field-effect transducers

Poghossian, Arshak; Malzahn, Kerstin; Abouzar, Maryam H.; Mehndiratta, P.; Katz, Evgeny; Schöning, Michael J.

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2011.01.102

Cited by 40 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Such EIS sensors are simple in layout, easy and low-cost in fabrication (usually no photolithographic process steps and complicated encapsulation procedures are required). In previous experiments, EIS sensors have been applied for the detection of pH [16], ion concentration [17,18], enzymatic reactions [19,20] and enzyme-logic gates [21], charged macromolecules [22] and nanoparticles [23]. In general, the functioning mechanism of field-effect (bio-)chemical sensors is based on the effect of charge or potential changes at the interface electrolyte/gate insulator induced by the particular analyte.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: Characterization by capacitance–voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements

Schusser¹,

Menzel²,

Bäcker³

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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a b s t r a c tFor the development of new biopolymers and implantable biomedical devices with predicted biodegradability, simple, non-destructive, fast and inexpensive techniques capable for real-time in situ testing of the degradation kinetics of polymers are highly appreciated. In this work, a capacitive field-effect electrolyte-insulator-semiconductor (EIS) sensor has been applied for real-time in situ monitoring of degradation of thin poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PDLLA) films over a long-time period of one month. Generally, the polymer-modified EIS (PMEIS) sensor is capable of detecting any changes in the bulk, surface and interface properties of the polymer (e.g., thickness, coverage, dielectric constant, surface potential) induced by degradation processes. The time-dependent capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics of PMEIS structures were used as an indicator of the polymer degradation. To accelerate the PDLLA degradation, experiments were performed in alkaline buffer solution of pH 10.6. The results of these degradation measurements with the EIS sensor were verified by the detection of lactic acid (product of the PDLLA degradation) in the degradation medium. In addition, the micro-structural and morphological changes of the polymer surface induced by the polymer degradation have been systematically studied by means of scanning-electron microscopy, atomic-force microscopy, optical microscopy, and contact-angle measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: Characterization by capacitance–voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements

Schusser¹,

Menzel²,

Bäcker³

et al. 2013

Electrochimica Acta

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“…The change in the system state can be followed by using simple DC‐electrical conductivity measurements. In addition to electrochemical measurements on conducting electrodes, semiconducting devices (usually in the form of field‐effect transistors, FET) have been used for electronic transduction of chemical output signals produced by enzyme logic systems …”

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Output Signals Generated Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It should be noted that the experimental work on the enzyme logic systems associated with the EIS devices was mostly limited to relatively simple AND, OR Boolean logic gates producing pH changes readable by the EIS device . An example system that mimicks an OR logic gate realized by two parallel reactions catalyzed by esterase and GOx in a solution is shown schematically in Figure A.…”

Section: Electrochemical Analysis Of the Output Signals Generated Bymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enzyme‐Based Logic Gates and Networks with Output Signals Analyzed by Various Methods

Katz

2017

ChemPhysChem

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The paper overviews various methods that are used for the analysis of output signals generated by enzyme‐based logic systems. The considered methods include optical techniques (optical absorbance, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance), electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, potentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, use of field effect transistor devices, pH measurements), and various mechanoelectronic methods (using atomic force microscope, quartz crystal microbalance). Although each of the methods is well known for various bioanalytical applications, their use in combination with the biomolecular logic systems is rather new and sometimes not trivial. Many of the discussed methods have been combined with the use of signal‐responsive materials to transduce and amplify biomolecular signals generated by the logic operations. Interfacing of biocomputing logic systems with electronics and “smart” signal‐responsive materials allows logic operations be extended to actuation functions; for example, stimulating molecular release and switchable features of bioelectronic devices, such as biofuel cells. The purpose of this review article is to emphasize the broad variability of the bioanalytical systems applied for signal transduction in biocomputing processes. All bioanalytical systems discussed in the article are exemplified with specific logic gates and multi‐gate networks realized with enzyme‐based biocatalytic cascades.

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“…Moreover, biomolecular logic gates usually work in bulk solutions and often utilize optical output signals (fluorescent or colorimetric), which makes it difficult to implement multiple logic devices together in the same analyte . Hence, transferring biomolecular logic principles to solid substrates and their integration with electrochemical/electronic devices is not an easy task .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coupling of Biomolecular Logic Gates with Electronic Transducers: From Single Enzyme Logic Gates to Sense/Act/Treat Chips

et al. 2017

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The integration of biomolecular logic principles with electronic transducers allows designing novel digital biosensors with direct electrical output, logically triggered drug‐release, and closed‐loop sense/act/treat systems. This opens new opportunities for advanced personalized medicine in the context of theranostics. In the present work, we will discuss selected examples of recent developments in the field of interfacing enzyme logic gates with electrodes and semiconductor field‐effect devices. Special attention is given to an enzyme OR/Reset logic gate based on a capacitive field‐effect electrolyte‐insulator‐semiconductor sensor modified with a multi‐enzyme membrane. Further examples are a digital adrenaline biosensor based on an AND logic gate with binary YES/NO output and an integrated closed‐loop sense/act/treat system comprising an amperometric glucose sensor, a hydrogel actuator, and an insulin (drug) sensor.

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Integration of biomolecular logic gates with field-effect transducers

Cited by 40 publications

References 37 publications

Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: Characterization by capacitance–voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements

Degradation of thin poly(lactic acid) films: Characterization by capacitance–voltage, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle measurements

Enzyme‐Based Logic Gates and Networks with Output Signals Analyzed by Various Methods

Coupling of Biomolecular Logic Gates with Electronic Transducers: From Single Enzyme Logic Gates to Sense/Act/Treat Chips

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