Integration of biomolecules and nanomaterials: Towards highly selective and sensitive biosensors

Abstract

Significant efforts have been made toward the development of high-performance biosensors for various applications. Advances in nanotechnology have resulted in the development of highly sensitive electrochemical sensing devices. It is believed that highly sensitive and selective biosensors can be realized through the integration of biomolecules and nanomaterial-based sensor platforms. Numerous articles have described combining biomolecules as recognition elements with nanotechnology for the development of biosensors with enhanced selectivity and sensitivity. Recent advances in the development of biosensors through the integration of biomolecules with nanotechnology are reviewed in this article.

Modulation phenomena in Si nanowire field-effect transistors characterized using noise spectroscopy and gamma radiation technique

“…They are the ultimate building blocks for modern electronic devices and biosensors. [1][2][3] Utilized for electronics, Si NW FETs allow high-frequency operation and lower power consumption. As biosensors, NWs provide higher sensitivity and spatial resolution compared with conventional planar FETs due to their higher surface to volume ratio.…”

Bio-Inspired Strategies for Improving the Selectivity and Sensitivity of Artificial Noses: A Review

“…Multiplexing electrical transducers may be more complex, especially for wiring reasons, and because the resulting sensors will be independent from each other, making their comparison less straightforward. Nevertheless, nanotechnology is a key ally to design highly sensitive olfactory sensors [163,164]. Indeed, nanoscale materials combine their high conductivity with a high surface-to-volume ratio, which allows the dense functionalization of their surface with biomolecules (see Section 3.2).…”

Energies Exploration for the Troponine Molecule Supported on Carbon Nanomaterials: DFT Study

“…Biomolecules range from proteins, aptamers, vitamins, and lipids to carbohydrates. − Inside proteins, biomarkers like cardiac troponins (cTn) have been used for biosensing toward the detection of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a heart condition considered the main cause of death among ischemic heart diseases. − cTn contains three subunits: T, I, and C which interact with tropomyosin to conform the troponin–tropomyosin complex located on the actin filament. − Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) rises quickly from myocardial cells during the onset of symptoms and following cell death and gives the possibility of identifying signs of this condition . cTnI is composed of 10 amino acids, 4 essential and 6 nonessential, that are ordered in a specific alignment as shown in Figure .…”