Integration of Circadian and Visual Function in Mammals and Birds: Brain Imaging and the Role of Melatonin in Biological Clock Regulation

Cassone, Vincent M.; Brooks, David; Hodges, Donald B.; Kelm, Teresa A.; Lü, Jun; Warren, Wade S.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-2712-7_11

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The distribution of in vitro binding of IMEL was similar to previously published accounts for this species (Cassone and Brooks 1991; Cassone et al 1992). This binding distribution predominated in retinorecipient structures of the circadian (vSCN), tectofugal (TeO), thalamofugal (PON, GLv) and accessory optic (EM) visual pathways.…”

Section: M E L Binding Rhythms In S H a M And P I N X Sparrowssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Under normal circumstances in vivo, the rhythmic output of melatonin synchronizes the vSCN by inhibiting their activity and neural output. Evidence in favor of this aspect of the model includes the fact that the vSCN contain specific high affinity IMEL binding in a wide variety of avian species (Rivkees et al 1989);Stehle 1990;Kelm and Cassone 1990;Brooks and Cassone 1992;Cozzi et al 1993), including the house sparrow (Cassone and Brooks 1991;Cassone et al 1992), and that administration of exogenous melatonin inhibits vSCN 2DG uptake (Cassone and Brooks 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…This ligand was purified by thin layer chromatography (1880 gCi/mMoles). In vitro binding of IMEL was accomplished as previously described (Rivkees et al 1989;Cassone and Brooks 1991;Brooks and Cassone 1992;Cassone et al 1992). Briefly, 2 sets of adjacent slides were preincubated for 1 h in a phosphate buffered saline solution (pH = 7.4) containing 0.1% bovine serum albumen (PBS/BSA) at 21~ Then, 1 set was incubated in 100 pM IMEL in PBS/BSA for 1 h at 21~ The other set was incubated for the same period of time in 100 pM IMEL in PBS/BSA containing 1 ~tM melatonin to block specific binding of IMEL in order to determine specificity and to calculate non-specific binding.…”

Section: [125 I]iodomelatonin ( I M El ) Binding 21125i]iodomelatonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pineal regulation of circadian rhythms of 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the visual system of the house sparrow,Passer domesticus

Lü

Cassone

1993

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Abstract. The pineal gland and its hormone melatonin are crucial for the generation of circadian rhythms in several species of passerine birds. The sites and mechanisms by which they influence avian behavior are therefore of particular interest. Recent research employing several brain imaging techniques has indicated that the sites of melatonin action within the avian brain are widespread within the 4 major visual pathways. In this study, we have investigated whether the avian homologue of the mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus, the visual suprachiasmatic nucleus (vSCN), and other visually sensitive structures express circadian rhythms of 2-deoxy[lac]glucose (2DG) uptake and 21125I]iodomelatonin (IMEL) binding in house sparrows, Passer domesticus, under constant environmental conditions in the presence or absence of the pineal gland. The results indicate that 2DG uptake in the vSCN is oscillatory in sham-operated sparrows but damps to arrhythmicity in pinealectomized birds, suggesting this structure contains a damped circadian oscillator independent of pineal input. We have also asked whether IMEL binding is rhythmic under these conditions in the same brains. These results indicate IMEL binding is rhythmic in several structures in the circadian, tectofugal, thalamofugal visual pathways and that pinealectomy increases the level of IMEL binding 2-4 fold suggesting that IMEL binding is down regulated by endogenous melatonin. However, the circadian rhythm of this binding is only gradually abolished, suggesting it too is regulated by a non-pineal circadian clock. These data are discussed in the context of the behavioral neurobiology of avian circadian systems and the neuroendocrine loop model.

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Section: M E L Binding Rhythms In S H a M And P I N X Sparrowssupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: [125 I]iodomelatonin ( I M El ) Binding 21125i]iodomelatonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pineal regulation of circadian rhythms of 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the visual system of the house sparrow,Passer domesticus

Lü

Cassone

1993

J. Comp. Physiol.

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“…Fourth, chronic administration of melatonin in Silastic or beeswax capsules to house sparrows and house finches maintained in DD abolishes and/or alters the free-running circadian rhythms of perch-hopping activity (Turek et al 1976;Fuchs 1983). Finally, daily administration of melatonin to arrhythmic, pinealectomized house sparrows in DD resynchronizes a daily pattern of activity with the period and phase of the administration regime (Heigl and Gwinner 1992;Cassone et al 1992) and entrains residual rhythmicity in several other species of birds (Gwinner and Benzinger 1978;Chabot and Menaker 1992b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Daily melatonin administration synchronizes circadian patterns of brain metabolism and behavior in pinealectomized house sparrows,Passer domesticus

Lü

Cassone

1993

J. Comp. Physiol.

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Abstract. Recent research in our laboratory has indicated that in sparrows the visual suprachiasmatic nucleus (vSCN) is metabolically rhythmic such that 2-deoxy[14C]glucose (2DG) uptake and specific binding of 21125I]iodomelatonin (IMEL) are high during subjective day for up to 10 circadian cycles in constant darkness (DD). These rhythms damp to arrhythmicity in pinealectomized birds (PINX). The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that exogenous melatonin rhythmically applied can restore disrupted behavioral and cerebral rhythmicity. Pinealectomized house sparrows were placed in constant dim light and allowed to become arrhythmic. Experimental birds received 0.86 mM melatonin in 0.01% ethanol (ETOH) to drink for 12 of every 24 h for 14 days. Control birds received 0.01% ETOH only. Behavioral rhythmicity was restored by melatonin but not by ETOH. Birds were injected with 2DG 6 or 18 h following the beginning of melatonin (for experimental birds: MT06 and MT18 respectively) or ETOH (for control birds: ET06 and ET 18 respectively) administration, allowed to survive 1 h and killed for 2DG and IMEL autoradiography. The data indicated 2DG rhythmicity such that uptake was high at MT18 in vSCN and several visual, auditory and limbic system structures in birds receiving melatonin but not in birds receiving ETOH. Similarly, IMEL binding rhythms were restored in vSCN and other visual, auditory and limbic system structures in birds receiving melatonin but not in those receiving ETOH. These data indicate that melatonin cycles are responsible for generating and/or driving a wide array of cerebral metabolic rhythms and that this influence is inhibitory.

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The Neuroendocrine Loop Model Revisited: Is It Valid or Even Relevant?

Cassone

2006

Neuroendocrine Correlates of Sleep/Wakefulness

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Integration of Circadian and Visual Function in Mammals and Birds: Brain Imaging and the Role of Melatonin in Biological Clock Regulation

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Pineal regulation of circadian rhythms of 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the visual system of the house sparrow,Passer domesticus

Pineal regulation of circadian rhythms of 2-deoxy[14C]glucose uptake and 2[125I]iodomelatonin binding in the visual system of the house sparrow,Passer domesticus

Daily melatonin administration synchronizes circadian patterns of brain metabolism and behavior in pinealectomized house sparrows,Passer domesticus

The Neuroendocrine Loop Model Revisited: Is It Valid or Even Relevant?

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