Integration of copperas and calcium hydroxide as a chemical coagulant and coagulant aid for efficient treatment of palm oil mill effluent

Mohamad, Nurul Aqilah; Hamzah, Sofiah; Harun, Mohammad Hakim Che; Ali, Asmadi; Rasit, Nazaitulshila; Awang, Mohamad; Rahman, Wan Rafizah Wan Abd.; Azmi, Alyza Azzura; Habib, Ahsan; Zahid, Mohd Salleh Amri; Mustofa, Ahmad Ariff Fahmi; Latfi, Sa'adah Ahmed; Aripin, Suhaimi Mohd; Saad, Rozano

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130873

Cited by 21 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The increased FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste coagulation efficiency with increasing doses heightens the Fe(II) concentration in the solution, which substantially increased the neutralization of negative charged organic particles [ 7 , 22 , 23 ] and ion exchange with positively charged inorganic particles for COD and NH 3 -N elimination from SRPE, respectively [ 24 ]. However, the decrease of the coagulation efficiency of FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O waste with the increasing coagulant doses over 900 mg/L can be attributed to the increase of zeta potential of the surface of suspended and colloidal particles [ 25 ]. However, Mageshkumar and Karthikeyan [ 26 ] observed that the formation of the Brownian motion of the suspended organic particles present in the effluent with an excessive amount of the coagulant doses sustainably increases the kinetic energy on the surface of the coagulant and hence decreases the removal of organic particles from the effluent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Ilias

Hossain

Ngteni

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The present study was conducted to determine the potential of utilizing the FeSO4·7H2O waste from the titanium manufacturing industry as an effective coagulant for treating industrial effluent. In this study, the secondary rubber processing effluent (SRPE) was treated using ferrous sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) waste from the titanium oxide manufacturing industry. The FeSO4·7H2O waste coagulation efficiency was evaluated on the elimination of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from SRPE. The central composite design (CCD) of experiments was employed to design the coagulation experiments with varying coagulation time, coagulant doses, and temperature. The coagulation experiments were optimized on the optimal elimination of NH3-N and COD using response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that coagulant doses and temperature significantly influenced NH3-N and COD elimination from SRPE. The highest NH3-N and COD removal obtained were 98.19% and 93.86%, respectively, at the optimized coagulation experimental conditions of coagulation time 70 min, coagulant doses 900 mg/L, and temperature 62 °C. The residual NH3-N and COD in treated SPRE were found below the specified industrial effluent discharge limits set by DoE, Malaysia. Additionally, the sludge generated after coagulation of SRPE contains essential plant nutrients. The present study’s finding showed that FeSO4·7H2O waste generated as an industrial byproduct in a titanium oxide manufacturing industry could be utilized as an eco-friendly coagulant in treating industrial effluent.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Ilias

Hossain

Ngteni

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Table 1 shows the standard discharge limit by Mohamad et al, [17] the physicochemical characteristics of POME (from anaerobic pond) subjected to coagulation treatment. The obtained properties of POME show that pH was 8.80 with COD of 427 mg/L, the turbidity of 128 NTU, TSS of 248 mg/L, TDS of 1852.50 mg/L, ammonia of 79.79 mg/L and colour of 1465 PtCo.…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Characteristics Of Pomementioning

confidence: 99%

Heat-Treated Zeolite as Effective Adsorbent for Final Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Norhafiza Ilyana Yatim,

Nur Aini Ishak,

Nurul Aqilah Mohamad

et al. 2023

ARFMTS

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Malaysia is known for its high oil palm production, which results in a significant amount of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Improper treatment or direct discharge of untreated POME can have significant impacts on water pollution. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of zeolite as an adsorbent for the efficient treatment of POME. The initial physical and chemical properties of POME, sourced from the aerobic pond of a local palm oil mill in Terengganu, were determined before conducting two series of experiments using adsorption methods. In the first series of experiments, natural zeolite was used under different conditions, including treated zeolite thermally treated at 150°C for two hours and untreated natural zeolite. The results showed that heat-treated natural zeolite was more efficient in removing suspended solids, colour, and turbidity, with removal efficiencies and adsorption capacity of 66.2% (2.39 mg/g), 80.5% (21.50 mg/g), and 86.8% (0.77 mg/g), respectively. In the second series of experiments, the effects of various parameters affecting the adsorption process, such as adsorbent dosage and pH, were investigated. The optimum conditions for adsorbent dosage and pH were found to be 4 g/L and pH 4, respectively. The percent removal of all parameters reached over 70% with a peak time of 240 min. The adsorption isotherm was also studied, and it was found that the adsorption process was in good agreement with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The study showed that adsorption treatment with natural zeolite was effective in removing turbidity, color, and TSS in POME wastewater. In addition, zeolite is a readily available and inexpensive adsorbent.

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“…It possesses several advantages including abundant raw material sources, low prices, and a straightforward production process. [1][2][3][4][5] The current methods for preparing calcium hydroxide include the lime digestion method, precipitation method, alcoholic calcium salt method, calcium carbide method, [6][7][8][9][10] and others. Among them, the lime digestion method is widely employed worldwide for calcium hydroxide production due to its low investment cost, simple process, high yield, uncomplicated equipment, and stable operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle Size of Calcium Hydroxide Prepared by Wet Digestion: Influencing Factors and Mechanism

Wang,

Wei,

Liu

et al. 2024

Cryst. Res. Technol.

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The wet dissolution process of lime is an effective approach for synthesizing calcium hydroxide. Process parameters and additives exert influence on the product particle. Among the process parameters, lime particle size, reaction temperature, and time have a significant impact on product particle size, followed by liquid‐solid ratio and stirring speed. The experiment proved that reaction time affects product particle size by affecting the crystal growth, while other process parameters affect the particle size by affecting the ion diffusion behavior. In terms of inorganic additives, Ca(OH)2 has minimal effect on product particle size; however, NaOH and CaCl2 can significantly enhance it with a greater dose leading to a larger increase. The experiment proved that Ca(OH)2, NaOH, and CaCl2 influence particle size through their impact on ion diffusion behavior. Regarding organic additives, soluble starch exhibits the greatest effect on product size followed by triethanolamine and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30. The experiment proved that soluble starch, triethanolamine, and polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 affect product particle size by influencing its crystallization position. Finally, an ultrafine slurry of calcium hydroxide was prepared using the lime wet digestion method based on the aforementioned research, with particle size distribution characterized by D10, D50, and D90 values of 0.303, 1.750, and 4.534 µm respectively.

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Integration of copperas and calcium hydroxide as a chemical coagulant and coagulant aid for efficient treatment of palm oil mill effluent

Cited by 21 publications

References 41 publications

Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Environmental Remediation Potential of Ferrous Sulfate Waste as an Eco-Friendly Coagulant for the Removal of NH3-N and COD from the Rubber Processing Effluent

Heat-Treated Zeolite as Effective Adsorbent for Final Treatment of Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Particle Size of Calcium Hydroxide Prepared by Wet Digestion: Influencing Factors and Mechanism

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