The
crystal structure of polydiacetylene giant single crystal has
been analyzed on the basis of the two different methods of wide-angle
neutron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. The X-ray result gives
us the total electron density distribution [ρ(x)] of polymer chain. The neutron result tells the positions
of atomic nuclei, which can allow us to speculate the electron density
distributions [ρ
0(x)] around
the nonbonded isolated atoms. As a result, the so-called bonded (or
deformed) electron density Δρ(x) [≡
ρ(x) – ρ0(x) = ρX(x) – ρN(x)], i.e., the electron density distribution due to
the conjugation among the covalently bonded atoms along the polymer
chain, can be estimated using the two information obtained by the
X-ray and neutron data analyses (the so-called X-ray–neutron
subtraction (X–N) method). The present report
is the first example of the application of X–N method to the
synthetic polymer species. The Δρ(x) derived
for polydiacetylene was found similar to that of the low-molecular-weight
model compound having the similar electronically conjugated chemical
formula. The Δρ(x) was calculated by the
density functional theory, which was in a good agreement with the
experimental result qualitatively.