Integration of Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources — The Czech Story

Abstract

Integration of electricity from renewable energy sources is currently a big issue that affects all areas of the power industry (generation – transmission – distribution –consumption) and it relates to all highly developed as well as developing power industry systems. There has recently been a significant increase of installed capacity of renewable energy sources, especially of photovoltaic power plants in the Czech Republic. High levels of electricity generation from renewable energy sources occur during favorable weather conditions in the Central Europe region. This causes loop flows and overloading of transmission systems in the whole region. Huge development of renewable energy sources in the region considerably affects both the distribution system and the transmission system of the Czech Republic. Operation of the Czech power system is negatively influenced and project development of the power system needs to be repeatedly modified and updated. Steeply raising development of subsidized renewable energy sources in Europe and in the Czech Republic brings about many challenges and risks, technical as well as economic and social.

Causal dynamics between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in South Korea: Empirical analysis and policy implications

“…We employ the ARDL bounds test with maximum lags of three, as introduced by Pesaran et al. 42 Table 5 shows the results of the ARDL bounds test. The null hypothesis is rejected at the 1% significance level based on the F -statistic provided by Pesaran et al.…”

“…South Korea established its first renewable energy policy in 1987, calling it the "Act on the Promotion of the Development of Alternative 4 Energy." The main purpose of this Act is to focus on R&D in alternative energy technology.…”

“…As renewable energy is already used by various existing industries, we can expect diffusion and spillover effects from the renewable industry to other industries. [2][3][4] Although fossil fuels have contributed much to economic development, they have fatal weaknesses, given their linkages to global warming and natural resource depletion.…”

Influence of renewable energy sources on transmission networks in Central Europe

“…Extreme growth of installed capacity of Czech solar power plants between 2008 and 2012 caused itself problems in Czech grid. In this period, the Czech cumulative solar capacity grew little more than 50 times and only during 2009 and 2010, applicants asked the distribution companies to connect up to 8000 MW (Vrba et al 2015) which resulted in the request of Czech transmission system operator, the company CEPS, to temporarily stop the approvals of new capacities (ČEPS 2010). Thus network security was endangered already in 2010 ( 1727MW of solar and 213 MW of wind installed)(EGÚ Brno 2010) because of Czech domestic reasons.…”

The Merit Order Effect of Czech Renewable Energy

“…Clò et al (2015) analyze the Italian market, concluding that there is a solar merit The literature also acknowledges the costs RES impose on the entire system. High volatility/variability puts reserves and balancing capacity under costly pressure, where under high wind RES overload the transmission system causing extra costs(Vrba et al, 2015). Also, RES negatively affect investment into other technologies, mainly by contributing to a generally high uncertainty of future prospects of energy markets.…”