Integration of environmental objectives into agricultural policy making.

Lowe, Philip; Baldock, David; Brouwer, F.

doi:10.1079/9780851993546.0031

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Each seed was inoculated with 1 mL of a log phase rhizobial culture (10 9 cells mL −1 ). Growth conditions of faba bean plants were [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] • C (night/day), a relative humidity of 50%-60%, and a photoperiod of 10 hr. At flowering stage, 50 days after sowing, plants were uprooted and assayed for dry weight of nodules, shoots and roots dry weight, as well as shoot N-uptake by faba bean plants.…”

Section: Symbiotic Effectiveness Under Greenhouse Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improvement of Faba Bean Yield Using Rhizobium/Agrobacterium Inoculant in Low-Fertility Sandy Soil

2017

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Soil fertility is one of the major limiting factors for crop's productivity in Egypt and the world in general. Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) has a great importance as a non-polluting and a cost-effective way to improve soil fertility through supplying N to different agricultural systems. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is one of the most efficient nitrogen-fixing legumes that can meet all of their N needs through BNF. Therefore, understanding the impact of rhizobial inoculation and contrasting soil rhizobia on nodulation and N 2 fixation in faba bean is crucial to optimize the crop yield, particularly under low fertility soil conditions. This study investigated the symbiotic effectiveness of 17 Rhizobium/Agrobacterium strains previously isolated from different Egyptian governorates in improving the nodulation and N 2 fixation in faba bean cv. Giza 843 under controlled greenhouse conditions. Five strains that had a high nitrogen-fixing capacity under greenhouse conditions were subsequently tested in field trials as faba bean inoculants at Ismaillia Governorate in northeast Egypt in comparison with the chemical N-fertilization treatment (96 kg N·ha −1 ). A starter N-dose (48 kg N·ha −1 ) was applied in combination with different Rhizobium inoculants. The field experiments were established at sites without a background of inoculation under low fertility sandy soil conditions over two successive winter growing seasons, 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. Under greenhouse conditions, inoculated plants produced significantly higher nodules dry weight, plant biomass, and shoot N-uptake than non-inoculated ones. In the first season (2012/2013), inoculation of field-grown faba bean showed significant improvements in seed yield (3.73-4.36 ton·ha −1 ) and seed N-yield (138-153 Kg N·ha −1 ), which were higher than the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha −1 ) that produced 2.97 Kg·ha −1 and 95 kg N·ha −1 , respectively. Similarly, in the second season (2013/2014), inoculation significantly improved seed yield (3.16-4.68 ton·ha −1 ) and seed N-yield (98-155 Kg N·ha −1 ) relative to the uninoculated control (48 kg N·ha −1 ), which recorded 2.58 Kg·ha −1 and 80 kg N·ha −1 , respectively. Interestingly, faba bean inoculated with strain Rlv NGB-FR 126 showed significant increments in seed yield (35%-48%) and seed N-yield (34%-49%) compared to the inorganic N fertilizers treatment (96 kg N·ha −1 ) over the two cropping seasons, respectively. These results indicate that inoculation of faba bean with effective rhizobial strains can reduce the need for inorganic N fertilization to achieve higher crop yield under low fertility soil conditions.

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Section: Symbiotic Effectiveness Under Greenhouse Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, more than 50% of the applied nitrogen fertilizers are somehow lost through different processes which not only represent a cash loss to the farmers, but also a source of pollution for the environment [11]. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in environmental friendly sustainable agricultural practices [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improvement of Faba Bean Yield Using Rhizobium/Agrobacterium Inoculant in Low-Fertility Sandy Soil

2017

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“…From the institutional point of view another objection raise from the marked different strategies formulated by the ministries of agriculture, responsible for the integration of environmental objectives in the CAP, and the ministries of environment responsible for the implementation of environmental directives. These last mandatory policy instruments, mainly justified under the polluterpays principle, have generally found the opposition of agriculture ministries and of farming groups due to possible restrictions on farming practices (Lowe, Baldock, 2000). The case of Nitrate Directive, one of the less implemented directive among member states, is exemplary in this context.…”

Section: Cap Reform and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These measures represented the core of the emerging agri-environmental policy (Lowe, Baldock, 2000). GHG reduction was not an explicit objective of these first agri-environmental schemes and potential positive effects on the carbon balance could be seen as a by-product of strategies aimed to reduce pollution and to support farming in high nature value areas.…”

Section: Cap Reform and Mitigation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Kyoto Protocol and the Effect of Existing and Planned Measures in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector in the EU25

et al. 2007

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in The Kyoto Protocol and the Effect of Existing and Planned Measures in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector in the EU25 SummaryAgricultural and forestry activities cover the majority of the EU territory: in particular agriculture is the main lad use type, accounting for more than 41% of the land use in the EU15, while in the new Member States this share ranges between 30 and 60 %, whereas forestry is the second. The role of agriculture as both a source of and as a sink of greenhouse gases (GHG) varies significantly because of the diversity of production systems adopted by farmers and of the environmental conditions in Europe. The effectiveness of the policy measures adopted so far in the agro-forestry sector to meet the Kyoto target are reported in the National Communications to the UNFCC which now reached its 4 th edition. National Communication were used in this reports as the main source of information to develop a country by country survey of policy measureboth from a qualitative and a quantitative perspective -allowing to understand the progresses the Members States are making towards their commitments, also thanks to a comparative assessment of this release with the previous communications to the UNFCC. Although not all members' states did provide quantitative estimations, the comparison of the third fourth edition of the National Communication showed that almost all the countries have revised their estimations and projections of GHG emissions. It is also worth noting that that even though the measures reported at the country level still respond mainly to Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) requirements or to the improvement of air and water quality standards, the issue of climate change has become increasingly prominent in the design of agro-forestry development strategies.

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“…The ecologisation of EU policies relies heavily on the importance of evidence, with a variety of scientific knowledge playing a prominent role in its rationalisation. On the one hand, the economic sciences have helped to establish the environment as a public good that market mechanisms fail to deliver (Lowe and Baldock 2000). This has allowed environmental payments to meet the criteria for Green Box eligibility, as defined by the World Trade Organization.…”

Section: (Re)conciling Nature With Farming In the Bauges Massifmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking agri-environmental schemes. A result-oriented approach to the management of species-rich grasslands in France

Marie¹

2013

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

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Recent evaluations of agri-environmental schemes have questioned the effectiveness of using management prescriptions to achieve intended outcomes. This paper explores an alternative approach to the delivery of biodiversity objectives to French farmers. It presents an analysis of an innovative collaborative programme focusing on ecological results rather than management prescriptions. In particular, the argumentation to which this new focus has given rise within the community of nature managers is examined. It reveals the re-shaping of the notion of grassland habitats which has been carried out by innovators and has allowed a reconciliation of biodiversity conservation goals with farmers' work and values. In this sense, the 'Flowering Meadows' programme combines the creation of a public good with the generation of a public for that good. The effectiveness and potential of the result-based approach are discussed, with emphasis given to the design of the outcome and possible future policy developments.

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Integration of environmental objectives into agricultural policy making.

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Improvement of Faba Bean Yield Using Rhizobium/Agrobacterium Inoculant in Low-Fertility Sandy Soil

Improvement of Faba Bean Yield Using Rhizobium/Agrobacterium Inoculant in Low-Fertility Sandy Soil

The Kyoto Protocol and the Effect of Existing and Planned Measures in the Agricultural and Forestry Sector in the EU25

Rethinking agri-environmental schemes. A result-oriented approach to the management of species-rich grasslands in France

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