“…The CZMs, initially proposed in the pioneering works of Dugdale 18 and Barenblatt, 19 allow us to overcome the mathematical issue of the stress singularity ahead of the crack tip of linear elastic fracture mechanics. 20 The literature is extremely rich in cohesive interface models, and several points of view have been thoroughly investigated, such as the following: isotropic and orthotropic cohesive interface models, 21 coupling damage and plasticity, 22 different mode I and mode II fracture energies, [23][24][25] thermodynamic consistency, [26][27][28] with smooth transition from cohesive behavior to frictional one, 26,29 under finite displacement conditions, 23,30 and so on. The references cited represent a short and largely incomplete review of the interface models available in literature.…”