Integration of graphene in poly(lactic) acid by 3D printing to develop creep and wear‐resistant hierarchical nanocomposites

Bustillos, Jenniffer; Montero, Daniela; Nautiyal, Pranjal; Loganathan, Archana; Boesl, Benjamin; Agarwal, Arvind

doi:10.1002/pc.24422

Cited by 127 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Nanoindentation is widely applied for the determination of mechanical properties at micro and nano length scales. In recent article, the nanomechanical properties of three‐dimensional (3D)‐printed PLA and PLA–graphene composite have been evaluated by nanoindentation tests using Berkovich diamond indenter with tip radius of 100 nm. It has been found lower indenter displacement for the PLA–graphene sample compared to pure PLA at applied load of 500 μN.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Batakliev

Georgiev²,

Ivanov

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Influences of different nanocomposite loadings in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix on resulting hardness and elasticity were examined in nanoindentation experiments. The following study was focused on the nanomechanical properties of PLA reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by using Berkovich type pyramidal nanoindenter. A masterbatch strategy was developed to disperse GNP and MWCNT into PLA by melt blending. Young's modulus and nanohardness of as‐prepared nanocomposites were characterized as a function of the graphene and carbon nanotubes loading. The nanoindentation analysis reveals that these carbon nanofillers improve the mechanical stability of the nanocomposites GNP/PLA, MWCNT/PLA, and GNP/MWCNT/PLA. That improvement of mechanical properties strongly depends on the fillers content. It was found that the best mechanical performance was achieved for the compound having 6 wt % graphene and 6 wt % MWCNTs in the PLA matrix. The received values for nanohardness and Young's modulus are among the highest reported for PLA‐based nanocomposites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47260.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Batakliev

Georgiev²,

Ivanov

et al. 2018

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Among many 3DP technologies, fused deposition modeling (FDM) (the most commonly used 3DP technology) deposits semi‐molten feedstock filaments on a build platform layer by layer to build a 3D object. The materials used are mainly thermoplastic polymer materials such as polylactic acid, polyamide, acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) etc. However, ABS FDM products still have many defects that cannot be ignored during processing and use, which limits the expansion of the application field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing 3D printing performance of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composites with cellulose nanocrystals/silica nanohybrids

Huang

Meng

et al. 2019

Polymer International

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The preparation of 3D printed products with excellent comprehensive performance is still receiving much attention. Cellulose, the most abundant and green natural polymer, was used in this study to fabricate polymeric composites used for 3D printing. Specifically, novel cellulose nanocrystals/silica nanohybrids (CSNs) were synthesized via the sol-gel method using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained by hydrolysis of sulfuric acid as raw materials, and the thermostability was significantly improved due to the adsorption of silica (SiO 2 ) on the surface of the CNCs via hydrogen bonding and covalent bonds. Subsequently, the CSNs were used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) with acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) as the matrix. Unlike ABS/CNC product which shows obvious yellowing, the ABS/CSN product shows a smooth undefiled surface, demonstrating their excellent applicability to high temperature FDM molding. Further, the effect of different silane coupling agents on the mechanical properties was compared and organically modified CSNs (oCSNs) were prepared using KH570 to optimize the dispersion of the filler and the interaction with the matrix. Satisfactorily, the addition of organically modified oCSNs not only does not degrade the fluidity but it also eliminates the warpage of FDM products and improves both layer adhesion and mechanical properties. This study provides a pioneering strategy for the thermal processing applications of CNCs and the modification of FDM products. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characterization of the CSNs Morphology and elemental analysis of the CSNsThe morphology and elemental analysis of the CNCs and the CSNs are shown in Fig. 2. Figure 2(a) demonstrates rod-like structures of the CNCs. Most of the CNCs possessed a length range of 100-500 nm and the diameters were a few nanometers, indicating that they had a large aspect ratio. Besides, the CNCs agglomerated together to form a bundle. CNCs are hydrophilic carbohydrate polymers with numerous hydroxyl groups and the strong Polym Int 2019; 68: 1351-1360

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“…Graphene, a 2D monolayer of carbon atoms organized in a hexagonal lattice, has exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties . Its addition in polymers has created multifunctional composites with potential applications in energy storage, sensors, electronic, and biomedical devices . However, inhomogeneous dispersion of graphene has hindered polymers to explore its properties .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi‐scale damping of graphene foam‐based polyurethane composites synthesized by electrostatic spraying

et al. 2018

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An electrostatic spraying technique was used to synthesize 3D graphene foam (GrF)‐reinforced polyurethane (PU) composites. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of PU increased from 120 to 148 °C after 3.3 vol% GrF addition. Strong interfacial bonding accounts for the improvement in Tg of PU‐GrF composites. Energy dissipation behavior is probed at multiple load scales to examine the intrinsic and structural damping characteristic. Micro‐scale damping at 1 mN and 1,000 Hz exhibited loss tangent value (tan δ), which is 200% higher and 3 times faster than PU. Nano dynamic mechanical analysis of PU‐3.3 vol% GrF composite demonstrated up to 383% tan δ improvement than of PU at 5 μN dynamic load. Physical mechanisms including rippling effect and weak van der Waals forces in graphene account for the high energy dissipation of PU‐GrF composite. This study suggests that PU‐GrF nanocomposites have the potential to serve as a good damping material in vibrating systems. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E1862–E1870, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Integration of graphene in poly(lactic) acid by 3D printing to develop creep and wear‐resistant hierarchical nanocomposites

Cited by 127 publications

References 41 publications

Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Nanoindentation analysis of 3D printed poly(lactic acid)‐based composites reinforced with graphene and multiwall carbon nanotubes

Optimizing 3D printing performance of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composites with cellulose nanocrystals/silica nanohybrids

Multi‐scale damping of graphene foam‐based polyurethane composites synthesized by electrostatic spraying

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