In this paper, we propose a policy-based emergency bio-data transmission architecture for smart healthcare service. Using the proposed service architecture, the medical staff or doctors can monitor the emergency bio-data of remote patients in accordance with policy. The proposed system consists of three tiers: measurement tier of bio-data of patients, policy-based transmission tier of bio-data of patients, and message conversion tier between IEEE 11073 PHD (Personal Health Device) message and HL7 CDA (Clinical Document Architecture). Bio-data of patients are monitored by an IEEE 11073 PHD agent such as a pulse oximeter, glucose meter, etc., and it is transmitted to IEEE 11073 PHD manager. The manager diagnoses the bio-data information in accordance with policy. The manager software can be installed in either a smartphone or PC where it transmits the bio-data information to the UMS (Urgency Management Server). The UMS converts the IEEE 11073 PHD message to a HL7 CDA standard message, after which it sends the converted HL7 CDA message to the medical staff or medical system. Finally, the medical staff can perform diagnoses using the patient bio-data information. Details of the proposed system architecture are discussed.