Integration of landslide hazard into urban planning across Europe

Mateos, Rosa María; López‐Vinielles, Juan; Poyiadji, Eleftheria; Tsagkas, Dimetrios; Sheehy, Michael; Hadjicharalambous, Kleopas; Liščák, Pavel; Podolski, Laszlo; Laskowicz, Izabela; Iadanza, Carla; Gauert, Christoph; Todorović, Saša; Auflič, Mateja Jemec; Maftei, Raluca; Hermanns, Reginald L.; Koçiu, Arben; Sandić, Cvjetko; Mauter, Rike; Sarro, Roberto; Béjar, Marta; Herrera, Gerardo

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.103740

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The impact of rockfalls on social systems is generally only addressed by statistics on economic losses related to damaged houses or loss of infrastructure or investment in protective measures against it. There are no references to social impact measures beyond economic loss assessments [35]. The perception of risk is one of the main factors conditioning the behavior of people and, therefore, has a decisive impact on the capacity of the community for mitigation, protection and recovery [111].…”

Section: Economic and Social Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spain is the second-highest country in Europe, a mountainous country with an average altitude of over 600 m. In this context, landslides are the second most important geohazard (after flooding) regarding damage [34]. In Spain, around 4 million people live in areas susceptible to landslides, which cause annual economic losses of over 160 M€ [35]. In the particular case of Spain, the consequences of fires in increasing the rockfall hazard could be of great interest, as Spain is one of the European countries with the highest rate of wildfires [36] and rockfalls are very common, causing great economic and social impacts with several fatalities every year [35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

et al. 2021

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Understanding processes and conditions that lead to rockfalls during and after a wildfire in different geological contexts is crucial since this phenomenon is one of the major hazards in mountainous regions across Europe. Spain is one of the European countries with the highest rate of wildfires, and rockfalls cause high economic and social impact, with many fatalities every year. The increase of rockfalls during and after wildfires is connected with the merging of different factors, not only in the detached area but also in the propagation and potentially affected area. When wildfire occurred, many actions take place: changes in the mechanical conditions of the rocks, the loss of protective capacity from vegetation, the effect induced by firefighting activities and/or the impact by the high temperatures in the adopted protective measures. After the wildfire, there is an increase in frequency and intensity of rockfalls in the burned area, causing a major impact of rockfalls on not only road networks and built-up areas but also people living. Additionally, the removal of vegetation by wildfires causes an increase in the risk perception, related not only to detached blocks but also to the general appearance of the rock mass. In this review, the main factors that influence the occurrence of rockfalls after a wildfire are analyzed, and three actual case studies in Spain are presented to support the variety of conclusions obtained.

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Section: Economic and Social Impactsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

et al. 2021

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“…Considering this, it is important to create approaches and products that could be integrated into urban planning and Civil Protection procedures. Nevertheless, Mateos et al [29] showed that many European countries still have no tools with which to assess the impact of ground deformation phenomena in urban planning practices or lack landslide inventory maps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of Satellite Interferometric Data in Civil Protection Strategies for Landslide Studies at a Regional Scale

et al. 2021

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Multi-Temporal Satellite Interferometry (MTInSAR) is gradually evolving from being a tool developed by the scientific community exclusively for research purposes to a real operational technique that can meet the needs of different users involved in geohazard mitigation. This work aims at showing the innovative operational use of satellite radar interferometric products in Civil Protection Authority (CPA) practices for monitoring slow-moving landslides. We present the example of the successful ongoing monitoring system in the Valle D’Aosta Region (VAR-Northern Italy). This system exploits well-combined MTInSAR products and ground-based instruments for landslide management and mitigation strategies over the whole regional territory. Due to the critical intrinsic constraints of MTInSAR data, a robust regional satellite monitoring integrated into CPA practices requires the support of both in situ measurements and remotely sensed systems to guarantee the completeness and reliability of information. The monitoring network comprises three levels of analysis: Knowledge monitoring, Control monitoring, and Emergency monitoring. At the first monitoring level, MTInSAR data are used for the preliminary evaluation of the deformation scenario at a regional scale. At the second monitoring level, MTInSAR products support the prompt detection of trend variations of radar benchmarks displacements with bi-weekly temporal frequency to identify active critical situations where follow-up studies must be carried out. In the third monitoring level, MTInSAR data integrated with ground-based data are exploited to confirm active slow-moving deformations detected by on-site instruments. At this level, MTInSAR data are also used to carry out back analysis that cannot be performed by any other tool. From the example of the Valle D’Aosta Region integrated monitoring network, which is one of the few examples of this kind around Europe, it is evident that MTInSAR provides a great opportunity to improve monitoring capabilities within CPA activities.

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“…Besides the natural instability of the land due to steep slopes and susceptible lithology [4], full water saturation after long lasting heavy rainfall and improper land cover (i.e., deforestation after forest fire) or land management (i.e., steep road cuts, changes in hydrology) are key factors in landslide occurrence. In the 2015-2017 period, landslides caused 39 deaths and 155 injuries in Europe, and 48 million people are currently exposed to landslide hazard [5]. In high mountain areas, changes in snow pattern and glacier melting are altering the quantity and quality of water and the seasonal hydrological regime of the rivers, particularly where melting water accounts for a large fraction of the streamflow [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Battery of Soil and Plant Indicators of NBS Environmental Performance in the Context of Global Change

et al. 2021

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Nature-based solutions (NBSs) for risk reduction produce environmental effects that must be assessed to evaluate their performance. In a context of climate change and growing concern about the loss of biodiversity, indicators informing about ecosystem complexity, resilience and stability are required. NBS projects hardly ever include environmental monitoring programs and, at best, NBS performance is evaluated based on elementary indicators that provide poor information about ecosystem functions and services. Within the framework of the PHUSICOS (EU, H2020) project, a NBS approach is being applied to reduce the hydrometeorological risks (rock falls and snow avalanches) that threaten a transnational road and a very populated town in the Pyrenees range. In both cases, the planned actions are modifying soil and vegetation structure and functioning as well as the environmental services they provide. Here we present a set of soil and plant indicators designed to be included in the postoperation monitoring plan of both NBS projects. We provide a description and information about the range of values of every indicator measured in the study sites together with indications about analytical methods and sampling calendar. We discuss the trade-offs between monetary cost, expertise requirements and meaningfulness of the indicators.

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Integration of landslide hazard into urban planning across Europe

Cited by 62 publications

References 26 publications

Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

Effects of Wildfire on Rockfall Occurrence: A Review through Actual Cases in Spain

Integration of Satellite Interferometric Data in Civil Protection Strategies for Landslide Studies at a Regional Scale

A Battery of Soil and Plant Indicators of NBS Environmental Performance in the Context of Global Change

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