Integration of magneto-optical active bismuth iron garnet on nongarnet substrates

Körner, T.; Heinrich, A.; Weckerle, M.; Roocks, Patrick; Stritzker, B.

doi:10.1063/1.2838773

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Stadler et al demonstrated the deposition of YIG poly-crystalline thin films on MgO and quartz substrates through a novel reactive sputtering method with rapid thermal annealing [19, 20]. Körner et al [21] deposited a poly-crystalline Bi 3 Fe 5 O 12 layer through pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on SiO 2 with an annealed YIG buffer layer.…”

Section: Magneto-optical Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-optical non-reciprocal devices in silicon photonics

Shoji

Mizumoto

2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

178

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Silicon waveguide optical non-reciprocal devices based on the magneto-optical effect are reviewed. The non-reciprocal phase shift caused by the first-order magneto-optical effect is effective in realizing optical non-reciprocal devices in silicon waveguide platforms. In a silicon-on-insulator waveguide, the low refractive index of the buried oxide layer enhances the magneto-optical phase shift, which reduces the device footprints. A surface activated direct bonding technique was developed to integrate a magneto-optical garnet crystal on the silicon waveguides. A silicon waveguide optical isolator based on the magneto-optical phase shift was demonstrated with an optical isolation of 30 dB and insertion loss of 13 dB at a wavelength of 1548 nm. Furthermore, a four port optical circulator was demonstrated with maximum isolations of 15.3 and 9.3 dB in cross and bar ports, respectively, at a wavelength of 1531 nm.

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Section: Magneto-optical Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magneto-optical non-reciprocal devices in silicon photonics

Shoji

Mizumoto

2014

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

178

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“…Besides of growing BIG on GGG bulk material it is possible to employ a buffer system on non‐garnet material 7. Two buffer systems based on GGG and YIG were analyzed to optimize the roughness of the garnet stack.…”

Section: Garnet Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A buffer system to grow BIG on non‐garnet substrates was developed and characterized. Also the growth mechanisms of BIG films made by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on silicon, amorphous SiO 2 , gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) Gd 3 Ga 5 O 12 (001), and (111) substrates have been investigated using in situ reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements 6–9.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials for integrated optoelectronic devices

Wehlus

Körner

Nowy

et al. 2010

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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A device containing a microcavity organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) and a magnetooptically active bismuth iron garnet (BIG) Bi3Fe5O12 waveguide combines a planar source for polarized light generation with the material exhibiting the highest known Faraday rotation at room temperature. To build such a device an optimization of garnets and OLEDs has to be done. For a good functionality of the device it is essential to maximize the light coupled from the OLED into the waveguide and to seperate s‐ and p‐polarized emitted light. To optimize the OLED emisson numerical simulations have been performed where material and thickness of the metal anode, as well as the thickness of the hole and the electron conducting layers were varied. The stacks with the best separation of s‐ and p‐polarized light and the highest coupling into the waveguide were determined, fabricated, and characterized regarding their electrical and optical properties. OLEDs have to be deposited on plane surfaces for exhibiting low leakage currents and thus being functional. In order to get plane and crack free BIG surfaces the garnet growth and surface formation were examined on various gadolinium gallium garnet (GGG) Gd3 Ga5 O12 and buffered non‐garnet substrates. GGG substrates with different cuts and lattice constants were characterized as well as yttrium iron garnet (YIG) Y3Fe5O12 and GGG buffered sapphire, silicon, and fused silica substrates. The garnet had to be structured to fabricate a planar waveguide. Therefore laser structuring and plasma etching techniques were utilized. The structured garnets were characterized regarding the wall roughness. The optical constants of YIG and BIG were determined from films deposited on silicon using ellipsometric measurements. The combination of microcavity OLED and garnet waveguide resulted in an integrated magnetooptical modulator whose functionality has been proven by applying an external magnetic field and measuring the rotation of the polarized light.

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“…However, YIG (and TIG) prove to be relatively straightforward to crystallize into a poly-crystalline form on silicon and many other nongarnet surfaces. By first depositing and annealing a YIG buffer layer, this can be used as a seed layer to subsequently deposit and anneal cerium-substituted [7] or bismuth [24] iron garnets and obtain the desired phase in polycrystalline form. It is observed that a minimum YIG layer thickness of $20 nm is required in order to obtain polycrystalline Ce:YIG [7].…”

Section: Waveguide Simulation and Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quasi-Phase-Matched Faraday Rotation in Semiconductor Waveguides With a Magnetooptic Cladding for Monolithically Integrated Optical Isolators

et al. 2013

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Strategies are developed for obtaining nonreciprocal polarization mode conversion, also known as Faraday rotation, in waveguides in a format consistent with silicon-on-insulator or III-V semiconductor photonic integrated circuits. Fabrication techniques are developed using liftoff lithography and sputtering to obtain garnet segments as upper claddings, which have an evanescent wave interaction with the guided light. A mode solver approach is used to determine the modal Stokes parameters for such structures, and design considerations indicate that quasi-phase-matched Faraday rotation for optical isolator applications could be obtained with devices on the millimeter length scale.

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Integration of magneto-optical active bismuth iron garnet on nongarnet substrates

Cited by 25 publications

References 12 publications

Magneto-optical non-reciprocal devices in silicon photonics

Magneto-optical non-reciprocal devices in silicon photonics

Hybrid organic–inorganic materials for integrated optoelectronic devices

Quasi-Phase-Matched Faraday Rotation in Semiconductor Waveguides With a Magnetooptic Cladding for Monolithically Integrated Optical Isolators

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