The aim of this study is to analyze the integration of management systems in a country with low certifications number and growth rate and propose a research agenda towards improving the competitiveness of organizations that implement multiple management systems. The main research questions focuses on the implementation process itself and the effect of low level of national certification to the integration process. To serve this research purpose, an exploratory research is designed in Greece (a country with relatively low certification counts and rates to the ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 management standards). A case study approach is employed to enable deeper and comprehensive reasoning. A cross-case analysis is presented to explore patterns, similarities and differences among organizations. Findings show that 4 out of 5 organizations analyzed are integrating its management systems at different levels, the integration methodology applied is similar for all organizations but audits are the most dissimilar aspect. This study is one of the first that addresses management systems' integration in Greece exploring contingency factors.Keywords: Audits, Greece, integration of management systems, ISO 9001, ISO 14001.
IntroductionOver the past two decades, there was an enormous increase of management systems (MSs) standards certification, especially across Europe and Asia (see ISO, 2015). The most widespread Empirical research has focused mainly on the process of integration analyzing different aspects, including but not limited to the design and implementation of organization's integration strategy (Bernardo et al., 2012a;Mohannad et al., 2013), the integration methodology organizations use (Rebelo et al., 2014a(Rebelo et al., , 2014bGarengo and Biazzo, 2013;Kauppila et al., 2015), the current level of integration (Bernardo et al., 2009;Abad et al., 2014;Mezinska et al., 2015), and the integration of MSs' audits (Bernardo et al., 2010;Simon et al., 2014;Hoy and Foley, 2015). This research has been done, in majority, using surveys in those countries with a high level of certificates (Douglas and Glen, 2000;Bernardo et al., 2009;Abad et al., 2014; among others).Taking all the above into account, the purpose of this research is to shift focus to a country that is ranked moderately low in terms of MS certifications. To this end, Greece is selected as the 2 representative country being less advanced in terms of IMS research and ISO certifications compared to over-researched and high certification rated countries, such as Spain or UK. Five Greek case organizations are selected and analyzed qualitatively with respect to the main integration aspects, i.e., the integration strategy and methodology, the integration level and the integration of audits. Furthermore, IMS maintenance and evolution avenues are discussed and future research agenda is proposed to improve the competitiveness of the organizations via integrating their MSs. To better illustrate this research objectives the following research questions The "integration str...