Integration of measurement techniques in monitoring of the Laze landslide in Slovenia

Lazar, Aleš; Ljubljana, Geoservis, do.o., Litijska c. ,; Beguš, Tomaž; Vulić, Milivoj; Geotrias, d.o.o. Dimičeva ulica

doi:10.18690/actageotechslov.17.1.33-45.2020

Cited by 1 publication

(7 citation statements)

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“…Usually, the movements occur after heavy rainfall. The largest movement took place in January 2014, and after that, various activities and investigations started [38].…”

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Usually, the movements occur after heavy rainfall. The largest movement took place in January 2014, and after that, various activities and investigations started [38]. Initially, monitoring was conducted only by visual inspections, then some boreholes were drilled in 2014 to determine the landslide depths, and later larger boreholes were installed in 2015 with equipment to pump out the water and measure the groundwater level.…”

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, monitoring was conducted only by visual inspections, then some boreholes were drilled in 2014 to determine the landslide depths, and later larger boreholes were installed in 2015 with equipment to pump out the water and measure the groundwater level. Lastly, three monitoring stations (Figure 2) that can perform tilt measurements were mounted, which can also send an alarm when deep displacements occur [38]. Initially, monitoring was conducted only by visual inspections, then some boreholes were drilled in 2014 to determine the landslide depths, and later larger boreholes were installed in 2015 with equipment to pump out the water and measure the groundwater level.…”

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Precipitation is the main triggering factor for the movements in the Laze landslide [38]. Therefore, daily precipitation data from the Leskovica station were used to analyze whether certain movements occur after rainy days.…”

Section: Rainfall Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Cost-Effective GNSS Solution for Continuous Monitoring of Landslides

et al. 2023

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The development of low-cost dual-frequency global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers in recent years has enabled the use of these devices in numerous applications. In the monitoring of natural hazards, such as landslides, these devices can be considered suitable sensors. In this work, dual-frequency GNSS receivers and antennas were used for setting up near-real-time continuous low-cost GNSS monitoring systems (LGMSs) under field conditions. The SimpleRTK2B board, which integrates the u-blox ZED-F9P dual-frequency GNSS chip and the survey-calibrated GNSS antenna are the main components of the GNSS system. The LGMS was installed and tested for six months in the Laze landslide located in the northwestern part of Slovenia. A total of four GNSS systems were deployed, three of which were located in pillars in the landslide itself and one in a stable area. Open-source software was used to postprocess the acquired data, providing daily coordinates in static relative and precise point positioning (PPP) positioning modes. The results of six months of near-real-time monitoring showed that the Laze landslide was stable during this period, with only minor changes in the vertical component. The trend of decreasing ellipsoid height was evident at all stations, although it was in the range of a few millimeters. To validate the results in static relative positioning mode, the coordinate differences between low-cost and high-end geodetic GNSS instruments were estimated and found to be in the range of 5 mm or less, while the difference between horizontal and spatial positions was less than 7 mm for all stations. The same data were processed in PPP, vertical displacements were not detected as in the static relative positioning mode due to the lower accuracy of the method itself. Considering the six-month performance of a low-cost GNSS system under field conditions, it can be emphasized that these devices are capable of performing near real-time continuous monitoring of slow movements with high accuracy and decreased costs. In addition, an experimental test was performed to identify the size of detected displacements in real-time kinematic (RTK). Based on the achieved results, it was concluded that 20 mm spatial displacements are detectable with LGMSs in RTK considering only 15 s of observations.

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“…Usually, the movements occur after heavy rainfall. The largest movement took place in January 2014, and after that, various activities and investigations started [38].…”

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Laze Landslidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rainfall Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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