Integration of MIMO and Cognitive Radio for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Alam, Tanjir; Thummaluru, Sreenath Reddy; Chaudhary, Raghvendra Kumar

doi:10.1109/lawp.2019.2936312

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The inaccuracy during the fabrication process is related to the soldering of SMA connector, which is one of the primary reasons. Then the validation is also performed for other different MIMO metrics [57][58][59] such as TARC, ECC, CCL, and MEG, as shown in Figures 32-37.…”

Section: Resolving a Complex Electromagnetic Radiating Structure Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Mohanty¹,

Behera²

2021

PIER B

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In this article, we present a compact and efficient diametrically-fed dual port fractal UWB MIMO antenna for portable handheld wireless devices. The electromagnetic behaviour on conducting body is analyzed through classical approach based characteristics mode analysis (CMA). Their intrinsic characteristics are explored on the basis of (a) modal surface current distributions, (b) narrow/broad bandwidth capability, and (c) radiation potentials. Concurrent analysis is persuaded on a diametricallyfed dual-port fed fractal conducting surface, which provides interesting facets on the combinatory effect of electromagnetic performance and physical behaviour on metallic radiator, metallic ground planes (unconnected/connected) and combination of two aforementioned metallic compact geometries. Theoretical insights are investigated for essential/non-essential modes existing in proposed geometry. The investigation through CMA also gives plethoric information on the feed location of antenna on modal surface currents and similar trends to capture its radiation potentials on the current nulls existing in the physical body. A broad classification of modes is explained, covering the CMA modal dynamics such as (a) characteristics angle (CA), (b) eigenvalues (EV), and (c) modal significance (MS). These additive parameters in general reflect the resemblance of Q-factor ≈ B.W. for narrowband/wideband traits, electrically/magnetically coupled energy behaviour, and radiative potential for far-field propagation. Thus, in a nutshell , it can be concluded that 'CMA provides physically intuitive guidance for the analysis and designing of antenna structures'. To support the findings highlighted in this particular study, a concise review about the theory of characteristic modes and the practical examples that use such concepts are taken into consideration.

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Section: Resolving a Complex Electromagnetic Radiating Structure Thromentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Mohanty¹,

Behera²

2021

PIER B

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“…The current 5G network is compatible with its predecessor's technologies, and the 4G spectrum sub-6 GHz can be easily applied for 5G communication [156]. The management and effective utilization of the current spectrum help avoid the unnecessary usage of mmWave frequency bands.…”

Section: Below 6 Ghz (Sub-6 Ghz)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

et al. 2020

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With an extensive growth in user demand for high throughput, large capacity, and low latency, the ongoing deployment of Fifth-Generation (5G) systems is continuously exposing the inherent limitations of the system, as compared with its original premises. Such limitations are encouraging researchers worldwide to focus on next-generation 6G wireless systems, which are expected to address the constraints. To meet the above demands, future radio network architecture should be effectively designed to utilize its maximum radio spectrum capacity. It must simultaneously utilize various new techniques and technologies, such as Carrier Aggregation (CA), Cognitive Radio (CR), and small cell-based Heterogeneous Networks (HetNet), high-spectrum access (mmWave), and Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO), to achieve the desired results. However, the concurrent operations of these techniques in current 5G cellular networks create several spectrum management issues; thus, a comprehensive overview of these emerging technologies is presented in detail in this study. Then, the problems involved in the concurrent operations of various technologies for the spectrum management of the current 5G network are highlighted. The study aims to provide a detailed review of cooperative communication among all the techniques and potential problems associated with the spectrum management that has been addressed with the possible solutions proposed by the latest researches. Future research challenges are also discussed to highlight the necessary steps that can help achieve the desired objectives for designing 6G wireless networks.

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“…Microstrip BPFs are commonly applied to reject unwanted interference signals in several applications, mainly in RF wireless communications due to their main feature to suppress the harmonic frequencies [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Recently, the low bandwidth at 700 MHz, the mid bandwidth (3.4–3.8 GHz), and the upper bandwidth (24.25–27.5 GHz) for millimeter-wave are being identified for fifth-generation (5G) spectrum by the office of communications (Ofcom) [ 25 ]. Microstrip BPFs are applied to reduce the interference signals in many 4G and 5G applications [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Varactor-Based Very Compact Tunable Filter with Wide Tuning Range for 4G and Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications

Al‐Yasir

Parchin

et al. 2020

Sensors

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A very compact microstrip reconfigurable filter for fourth-generation (4G) and sub-6 GHz fifth-generation (5G) systems using a new hybrid co-simulation method is presented in this manuscript. The basic microstrip design uses three coupled line resonators with λ/4 open-circuited stubs. The coupling coefficients between the adjacent and non-adjacent resonators are used to tune the filter at the required center frequency to cover the frequency range from 2.5 to 3.8 GHz. The coupling coefficient factors between the adjacent resonators are adjusted to control and achieve the required bandwidth, while the input and output external quality factors are adjusted to ensure maximum power transfer between the input and output ports. Two varactor diodes and biasing circuit components are selected and designed to meet the targeted performance for the tunable filter. The impedance bandwidth is maintained between 95 and 115 MHz with measured return losses of more than 17 dB and measured insertion loss of less than 1 dB. Computer simulation technology (CST) is utilized to design and optimize the presented reconfigurable filter, with hybrid co-simulation technique, using both CST microwave studio (MWS) and CST design studio (DS), is applied to build the model by considering the SPICE representation for the varactor switches and all electronic elements of the biasing circuit. The introduced reconfigurable microstrip filter is also fabricated using a Rogers RO3010 material with a relative dielectric constant of 10.1 and it is printed on a very compact size of 13 × 8 × 0.81 mm3. An excellent agreement is obtained between the simulation and measurement performance.

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Integration of MIMO and Cognitive Radio for Sub-6 GHz 5G Applications

Cited by 53 publications

References 22 publications

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Characteristics Mode Analysis: A Review of Its Concepts, Recent Trends, State-of-the-Art Developments and Its Interpretation With a Fractal Uwb Mimo Antenna

Issues, Challenges, and Research Trends in Spectrum Management: A Comprehensive Overview and New Vision for Designing 6G Networks

A Varactor-Based Very Compact Tunable Filter with Wide Tuning Range for 4G and Sub-6 GHz 5G Communications

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