Integration of Nanobots Into Neural Circuits As a Future Therapy for Treating Neurodegenerative Disorders

Abstract

Recent neuroscientific research demonstrates that the human brain is becoming altered by technological devices. Improvements in biotechnologies and computer based technologies are now increasing the likelihood for the development of brain augmentation devices in the next 20 years. We have developed the idea of an “Endomyccorhizae like interface” (ELI) nanocognitive device as a new kind of future neuroprosthetic which aims to facilitate neuronal network properties in individuals with neurodegenerative disorders. The design of our ELI may overcome the problems of invasive neuroprosthetics, post-operative inflammation, and infection and neuroprosthetic degradation. The method in which our ELI is connected and integrated to neuronal networks is based on a mechanism similar to endomyccorhizae which is the oldest and most widespread form of plant symbiosis. We propose that the principle of Endomyccorhizae could be relevant for developing a crossing point between the ELI and neuronal networks. Similar to endomyccorhizae the ELI will be designed to form webs, each of which connects multiple neurons together. The ELI will function to sense action potentials and deliver it to the neurons it connects to. This is expected to compensate for neuronal loss in some neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.

Technology and Dementia: The Future is Now

“…Future directions in dementia therapy are predicted to include nanotechnology either to “repair” brain damage [89] or for drug delivery [90]. While there are still many obstacles to resolve, work on nanoparticle and implantable therapeutics to locally deliver chemotherapy for treating brain tumours [91], opens up huge possibilities for delivering new types of interventions for people either with dementia or ideally, before dementia develops.…”

Cytoarchitecture: Digital Dismembering and Remembering in Cyberspace

“…The nCE would potentially enhance neural processing speed and efficiency in both unhealthy and healthy subjects. 63 In addition to researchers seeking ways to address brain pathologies, there are more extreme bio-hackers and futurists attempting to overcome the 'problem' of human death. This includes exploring ways to upload digital versions of the brain or to meld man and machine in increasingly sophisticated cyborgised forms.…”

Feasibility of Nano-based Neuroprosthetics in Neurosurgery

“…One reason for the development of ELI was to bypass the aforementioned neurosurgical problems. 9 Our design for ELI was inspired by endomyccorhizae (fungus/plant root symbiosis). During this process, fungi bundles project finger-like extensions (mycelium) that penetrate plant roots, forming a branching matrix (arbuscules).…”

“…In other words, ELI would endeavor to partially regain the normal connectivity speeds in interrupted neural pathways (that is, those evident in neurodegenerative disorders) without altering the regular tasks of neurons. 9 Uninhibited increase in neuronal activity may lead to functional difficulties. Therefore, ELI or other future nano-based neuroprosthetic devices will need to be able to react to inhibitory signals, thereby enhancing their sensitivity to signaling.…”

“…The ELI device would be delivered using a fine syringe needle through the orbital roof, which is lined with meninges, and inserted 1 mm into the subarachnoid space with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). 9 The micro-diameter of the needle would ensure minimal invasiveness. Recently, researchers have used syringe needles with a diameter of 100 µm when injecting implanted electrical meshes into the brains of anaesthetized mice.…”