Integration of renewable energy systems and challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of electrical power systems

Abstract

This paper tackles the key challenges for dynamics, control, and automation of power systems that are imposed by the integration of renewable power plants. First, the current practice of automation and control in large-scale power systems are reviewed. Then, dynamics and control of electrical transmission systems are discussed and the issues associated with the integration of large-scale wind and solar power plants are exploited. The discussion carries on with a focus on control of electrical distribution systems and the key issues associated with the integration of distributed generation power plants. An emerging concern in power and energy industry is the dynamic interaction between transmission and distribution systems as a result of technological and topological changes in power systems that can put their control at risk. These topics are also covered in this paper. In terms of automation, the key challenges and opportunities for accommodation of higher penetration and share of renewable energy, as part of the vision for grid modernization, are explored in this paper. Throughout the discussion, some results from the recent studies are shown. This article is categorized under: Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure K E Y W O R D S automation, control, dynamics, power systems, renewable energy, stability 1 | INTRODUCTION Power systems are compounded of hundreds of thousands of controllable and noncontrollable components that function in a variety of ways (Machowski, Bialek, & Bumby, 1997). Hence, this complex process requires a superb automation to sustain the power delivery. In current power systems, energy management system (EMS) and distribution management system (DMS) represent the highest level of automation at transmission and distribution systems, respectively. These automation systems include the supervisory control and data acquisition systems and a set of real-time and off-line power system applications. The automation and control of traditional power systems with centralized dispatchable power plants and also the stability related issues have been extensively studied and discussed in the literature, including the studies by

Regulated Emissions of Biogas Engines—On Site Experimental Measurements and Damage Assessment on Human Health

“…Drawback that can provoke mismatch between power supply and demand which in turns can result in management and control problems, devices fault or, even worse, from local to global blackout. Obviously, these issues can be easily solved developing and installing large-scale energy storage plants (see, e.g., References [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]) and managing properly fossil fuels power units in order to avoid components life-time reduction (see, e.g., References [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]). Independently to these facts, wind and solar can not guarantee a both stable and programmable production as well as a simultaneous generation of electricity and heat/cold: strengths of plants working with bioenergy as input.…”

Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Coordination Control Strategy Compatible with Feeder Automation

“…Distant Synchronization: According toFigures 8 and 9, in the DFIG islanding under IAS control, u T , i r , P e , and u dc maintain relative stability; ω m shows a small amplitude of jittering around 1.09 pu due to the slow dynamic response of mechanical control and the sudden change of P e . f T is controlled at 49.75 Hz, which causes the voltage phase error ∆θ T4 at both sides of the tie-switch changing from 180 • to 0 • gradually; synchronization conditions are detected by T4 at 32.01 s, and an SS message is immediately sent; DFIG sets ∆ f to 0 upon the receipt of an SS message at 32.02 s to maintain the synchronization phase error ∆θ error at about −1 • , which obviously complies with the synchronous closing conditions of T4, as shown in Equation(10). Therefore, distant synchronization is achieved.…”

“…From the perspective of protection, a traditional DN is generally a radiating structure from substations to users, and is relieved from the long-term impact of fault based on unidirectional power flow design with equipment such as relays, circuit breakers, reclosing devices, sectionalizers, and fuses [8,9]. Nevertheless, the installation of DGs has changed the topology structure of DNs with a possibility of serious problems in the normal operation of protections to traditional DNs, for instance, asynchronous closing, rejected automatic reclosing, unintentional islanding, change of fault current level, blinding of the protective devices, large-scale disconnection from the grid of generator sets, and the maloperation of feeder protection [10][11][12]. Consequently, the reliability of traditional distribution systems is compromised significantly by the integration of DGs in terms of failure of protection coordination [13].…”

A Doubly-Fed Induction Generator Adaptive Control Strategy and Coordination Technology Compatible with Feeder Automation

“…From the perspective of protection, traditional DN is generally a radiating structure from substations to users, and support fast fault isolation and service restoration based on equipment such as relays, circuit breakers, reclosing devices, sectionalizing switches and fuses [5][6][7]. Nevertheless, the application of DGs has changed the topology structure of traditional radical DN, which may lead to serious problems in the normal operation of protections to traditional DN, including false tripping of feeders, protection inaction, raised or reduced failure level, unintentional islanding, asynchronous closing and failed automatic reclosing [8,9]. Therefore, the reliability of traditional distribution systems are compromised by the installation of DGs as it results in failure of protection coordination.…”