Integration of solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine for maritime applications

Sapra, Harsh; Stam, Jelle Nicolaas; Reurings, Jeroen; Biert, Lindert van; Sluijs, Wim van; Vos, P. de; Visser, Klaas; Vellayani, Aravind Purushothaman; Hopman, Hans

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115854

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Among others, hydrogen is a very promising energy carrier; it can be employed as a reactant in Fuel Cell (FC) technology, where it undergoes an electrochemical reaction producing an outlet flow and electrical energy. Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane FCs (PEMFC) are in particular interesting for transport applications, where they can be employed to power low and heavy-duty vehicles, trains as well as shipping vessels of different sizes [6][7][8]. For this reason, different studies have been focusing on assessing the use of this technology on real scale applications even in hybrid configurations coupled with batteries [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], also detailing the different opportunities and limitations of producing [17] and storing the hydrogen gas safely onboard [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology for 30 kW PEMFC stack characterization

et al. 2022

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Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier to allow the reach of the zero-emission targets established for the next years. Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane FC are studied inside the HI-SEA laboratory of the University of Genoa, to assess the opportunities of this technology on marine applications. Here, 8 PEMFC stacks, sized 30 kW each for a total power installation of 240 kW, have been tested to draw guidelines for the best system design onboard ships and to deepen the know-how on the experimental management of the technology. During the tests, it was possible to observe the reciprocal influence of some parameters, which may influence the system efficiency. In this work, a statistical investigation is developed to quantify the cell voltage variation correlated to the values of temperature and current. This has been possible thanks to Design Expert (DE), a software developed by Stat-EASE, Inc. Through the Design of Experiment approach, it is possible to evaluate the significance of variables in the FC system, called factors. The experiment under consideration is also characterized by non-controllable factors, cause of disturbances that induce further variability in the response. Eventually, it was possible to analyse the significance of the parameters involved, to build a regression model by performing the analysis of variance with which the significant values are identified, and to assess the presence of outliers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology for 30 kW PEMFC stack characterization

et al. 2022

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“…The potential of many possible fuels, such as ammonia and methanol, has been investigated in [7][8] [9]. In recent years, the introduction of fuel cells as energy generation systems for propulsion or auxiliary power units (APU) for maritime vessels has been investigated by many authors, in particular PEMFC and SOFC technologies appear to be the most promising ones [10][11] [12][13] [14][15] [16]. Fuel cells present many interesting features for maritime applications, such as high efficiency (also at partial loads), low level of emissions, noise and vibrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An algorithm for comparative analysis of power and storage systems for maritime applications

2022

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This paper presents an innovative algorithm to compare traditional and innovative energy systems onboard for maritime applications. The solutions are compared adopting a multi-criteria method, considering four parameters (weight, volume, cost, emissions) and their relevance according to the kind of ship and navigation route. The algorithm, which includes a large and updated database of market solutions, leads to the implementation of HELM (Helper for Energy Layouts in Maritime applications) tool. HELM was conceived to support the design of maritime systems: it chooses the best technology comparing traditional marine diesel engines, propulsion systems with alternative fuels (methanol, ammonia, LNG) and innovative low-emission technologies (fuel cell and batteries). Two case studies are investigated: (i) a small passenger ship for short routes (ii) and a large size ro-ro cargo ship. For case (i), fuel cells represent a competitive solution, in particular considering navigation in emission control areas. For case study (ii) Internal Combustion Engines shows are the best solution. The evaluation of alternative fuels is performed, considering a sensitivity analysis on emissions’ importance: methanol, LNG, and ammonia are promising solutions. For case (i), the installation of electrical batteries is also evaluated to analyse potential advantages to reduce the amount of H2 stored onboard.

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“…Therefore, this second article extends the analysis of the two turbocharging solutions (TC and HTC) at different loads and speeds of the engine, including the HFO mode, for optimal management of the engine power in all its possible operating conditions. The main idea would be to provide, by numerical simulation, a series of operational data in the widest possible working range of the engine, for the evaluation of new smart ship propulsion solutions to complement the existing applications or studies [22][23][24]. In fact, the proposed innovation combines the advantages of thermal energy recovery with a new concept of hybrid power generation, differentiating itself from the traditional meaning of hybrid propulsive applications [22,[25][26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Dual-Fuel Engines Power Smart Management by Hybrid Turbocharging Systems

Altosole

Balsamo

Campora

et al. 2021

JMSE

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The performance of a marine dual-fuel engine, equipped with an innovative hybrid turbocharger producing electric power to satisfy part of the ship’s electric load, is presented by a simulation comparison with the traditional turbocharging technology. The two distinct fuel types, combined with the hybrid turbocharger, involve a substantial change in the engine control modes, resulting in more flexible and efficient power management. Therefore, the investigation requires a numerical analysis depending on the engine load variation, in both fuelling modes, to highlight different behaviours. In detail, a dual-fuel engine simulation model is validated for a particular application in order to perform a complete comparison, reported in tabular and graphical form, between the two examined turbocharging solutions. The simulation analysis is presented in terms of the engine working data and overall energy conversion efficiency.

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Integration of solid oxide fuel cell and internal combustion engine for maritime applications

Cited by 65 publications

References 46 publications

Response Surface Methodology for 30 kW PEMFC stack characterization

Response Surface Methodology for 30 kW PEMFC stack characterization

An algorithm for comparative analysis of power and storage systems for maritime applications

Marine Dual-Fuel Engines Power Smart Management by Hybrid Turbocharging Systems

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