Integration of swimming kinematics and ram suspension feeding in a model American paddlefish,<i>Polyodon spathula</i>

Haines, Grant E.; Sanderson, S. Laurie

doi:10.1242/jeb.166835

Cited by 13 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Our measurements for paddlefish preserved in ram suspension-feeding position ranged from 26–46° for the anterior margins of the first and second gill slots, to 15–35° for branchial arches II-IV ( Table 5 ). These measurements were used recently in a refined 3D-printed physical model of the juvenile paddlefish oral cavity during ram suspension feeding [ 33 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Head yaw [ 69 ] has been included in only one previous physical or computational model of ram suspension feeding [ 33 ]. We conducted flow tank experiments using preserved paddlefish positioned near the maximum yaw angle quantified from live paddlefish during ram suspension feeding [ 33 ]. Because head yaw changes the angle at which flow entering the oral cavity intersects all intraoral structures, head yaw also changes the angle at which the shear layer separates from the medial downstream edge of the branchial arch and enters the gill slot.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each paddlefish preserved in suspension-feeding position was mounted in the center of the flow tank using an overhead clamp that was flush with the dorsal body surface downstream from the opercular cavities. To account for the maximum yaw angle of 6.1° ± 2.1° (mean ± SD) quantified recently in live paddlefish [ 33 ], the preserved paddlefish were angled slightly to the right side of the flow tank, so that the midline of the anterior oral cavity in each specimen (n = 3 fish) was angled at 4.5° ± 1.8° with respect to the direction of oncoming flow. The speed of the water recirculating in the flow tank was maintained at 18.9 ± 0.2 cm s -1 for all paddlefish experiments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical modeling of vortical cross-step flow in the American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula

et al. 2018

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Vortical cross-step filtration in suspension-feeding fish has been reported recently as a novel mechanism, distinct from other biological and industrial filtration processes. Although crossflow passing over backward-facing steps generates vortices that can suspend, concentrate, and transport particles, the morphological factors affecting this vortical flow have not been identified previously. In our 3D-printed models of the oral cavity for ram suspension-feeding fish, the angle of the backward-facing step with respect to the model’s dorsal midline affected vortex parameters significantly, including rotational, tangential, and axial speed. These vortices were comparable to those quantified downstream of the backward-facing steps that were formed by the branchial arches of preserved American paddlefish in a recirculating flow tank. Our data indicate that vortices in cross-step filtration have the characteristics of forced vortices, as the flow of water inside the oral cavity provides the external torque required to sustain forced vortices. Additionally, we quantified a new variable for ram suspension feeding termed the fluid exit ratio. This is defined as the ratio of the total open pore area for water leaving the oral cavity via spaces between branchial arches that are not blocked by gill rakers, divided by the total area for water entering through the gape during ram suspension feeding. Our experiments demonstrated that the fluid exit ratio in preserved paddlefish was a significant predictor of the flow speeds that were quantified anterior of the rostrum, at the gape, directly dorsal of the first ceratobranchial, and in the forced vortex generated by the first ceratobranchial. Physical modeling of vortical cross-step filtration offers future opportunities to explore the complex interactions between structural features of the oral cavity, vortex parameters, motile particle behavior, and particle morphology that determine the suspension, concentration, and transport of particles within the oral cavity of ram suspension-feeding fish.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical modeling of vortical cross-step flow in the American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula

et al. 2018

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“…Throughout this work, several examples are given of how the desired bioinspired mechanism can be extended, or how simpler engineering solutions can be substituted in place of more complex biological behaviors and structures. For example, ram filter feeders exhibit a yaw movement (Carey and Goldbogen 2017;Haines and Sanderson 2017) and can dynamically reshape movable bony structures or flexible soft tissue (Sanderson et al 1994;Sanderson and Wassersug 1993), which may reduce clogging of the filter and also transport concentrated particles downstream inside the filter. An engineering approach has the freedom to substitute less complex behaviors and structures, while achieving similar outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of helical, fish-inspired cross-step filter for collecting harmful algae

et al. 2019

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A new filter was developed to collect harmful algae colonies by adapting the cross-step filtration structures and mechanisms discovered recently in filter-feeding fish. Extending beyond previously published models that closely emulated the basic morphology of the fish, the new cross-step filter's major innovations are helical slots, radial symmetry, and rotation as an active anti-clogging mechanism. These innovations enable the transport of concentrated particles to the downstream end of the filter. This advance was made possible by recognizing that biologically imposed constraints such as bilateral symmetry do not apply to human-made filters. The use of helical slots was developed in a series of iterative tests that used watertracing dye and algae-sized microspheres. The major products of the iterative tests were refinements in the helical design and an understanding of how varying the major structural parameters qualitatively influenced fluid flow and filter performance. Following the iterative tests, the clogging behavior of select filters was quantified at high particle concentrations. Vortices in the helical filter were effective at reducing clogging in the center of the slots. By considering the design space that is free of the biological constraints on the system and exploring the effects of variations in major structural parameters, our work has identified promising new directions for cross-step filtration and provided key insights into the biological system.

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Oropharyngeal morphology related to filtration mechanisms in suspension‐feeding American shad (Clupeidae)

et al. 2020

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To assess potential filtration mechanisms, scanning electron microscopy was used in a comprehensive quantification and analysis of the morphology and surface ultrastructure for all five branchial arches in the ram suspension‐feeding fish, American shad (Alosa sapidissima, Clupeidae). The orientation of the branchial arches and the location of mucus cells on the gill rakers were more consistent with mechanisms of crossflow filtration and cross‐step filtration rather than conventional dead‐end sieving. The long, thin gill rakers could lead to a large area for the exit of water from the oropharyngeal cavity during suspension feeding (high fluid exit ratio). The substantial elongation of gill rakers along the dorsal‐ventral axis formed d‐type ribs with a groove aspect ratio of 0.5 and a Reynolds number of approximately 500, consistent with the potential operation of cross‐step filtration. Mucus cell abundance differed significantly along the length of the raker and the height of the raker. The mucus cell abundance data and the observed sloughing of denticles along the gill raker margins closest to the interior of the oropharyngeal cavity suggest that gill raker growth may occur primarily at the raker tips, the denticle bases, and the internal raker margins along the length of the raker. These findings will be applied in ongoing experiments with 3D‐printed physical models of fish oral cavities in flow tanks, and in future ecological studies on the diet and nutrition of suspension‐feeding fishes.

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Integration of swimming kinematics and ram suspension feeding in a model American paddlefish,Polyodon spathula

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Physical modeling of vortical cross-step flow in the American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula

Physical modeling of vortical cross-step flow in the American paddlefish, Polyodon spathula

Development of helical, fish-inspired cross-step filter for collecting harmful algae

Oropharyngeal morphology related to filtration mechanisms in suspension‐feeding American shad (Clupeidae)

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