Integration of various stacking processes in carrier ampholyte-based capillary electrophoresis

Busnel, Jean‐Marc; Saux, Thomas Le; Descroix, Stéphanie; Terabe, Shigeru; Peltre, Gabriel

doi:10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.079

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This combination was first introduced by Hirokawa et al [10] and named electrokinetic supercharging (EKS). In that work, a mixture of 18 inorganic cations was analyzed with detection limits of 0.3 mg/L when the sample was injected by EKI at 20 kV for 150 s. Following the successful introduction of this new preconcentration strategy, EKS has been applied for the analysis of other kinds of compounds in different matrices [11][12][13][14]. For example, Busnel et al [11,12] used this preconcentration technique to analyze peptides in biological samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrokinetic supercharging focusing in capillary zone electrophoresis of weakly ionizable analytes in environmental and biological samples

et al. 2010

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Five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, naproxen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, diclofenac and piroxicam, were separated and analyzed by electrokinetic supercharging in CZE. Three different setups of the ITP technique were assayed for the separation and preconcentration of these five non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. For the setup that gave the best results, we evaluated the influence of different parameters on separation and preconcentration efficiency such as sample pH, concentration of the leading stacker, BGE composition, electrokinetic injection time, composition and hydrodynamic injection of the solvent plug and of the terminating stacker. In the selected setup, the BGE (10 mM Na(2)B(4)O(7) + 50 mM NaCl in 10% of MeOH aqueous solution) contained the leading electrolyte while the terminating electrolyte, hydrodynamically injected after the sample (50 mbar x 12 s), was 50 mM of CHES. Prior to sample injection at (700 s at -2 kV) a short plug of MeOH (50 mbar x 3 s) was hydrodynamically injected. The results show that this strategy enhanced detection sensitivity 2000-fold compared with normal hydrodynamic injection, providing detection limits of 0.08 μg/L for standard samples with good repeatability (values of relative standard deviation, %RSD < 1.03%). Method validation with river water samples and human plasma demonstrated good linearity, with detection limits of 0.9 and 2 μg/L for river water samples and human plasma samples, respectively (as well as satisfactory precision in terms of repeatability and reproducibility).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Electrokinetic supercharging focusing in capillary zone electrophoresis of weakly ionizable analytes in environmental and biological samples

et al. 2010

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“…This combination was first introduced by Hirokawa et al and it was named electrokinetic supercharging (EKS). Following the successful introduction of this new preconcentration strategy, EKS has been applied for the analysis of other kinds of compounds in different matrices . For example, in previous work by our group, this preconcentration technique was used to determine nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in biological and environmental samples achieving sensitivity enhancement factors (SEFs) of around 2000‐fold, with LODs as low as 0.9 and 2 ng/mL for river water and human plasma, respectively .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic supercharging in CE for the separation and preconcentration of barbiturate drugs in urine samples

Botello

Borrull

Calull

et al. 2013

J of Separation Science

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Three barbiturate drugs, barbital, phenobarbital, and secobarbital were separated and analyzed by electrokinetic supercharging. The influence of different parameters on electrokinetic supercharging performance was evaluated using both univariated and multivariated optimization processes. The parameters studied were sample pH, concentration, and length of the leading and terminating electrolytes, electrokinetic injection of the sample and composition and hydrodynamic injection of the solvent plug. The leading electrolyte (50 mM NaCl) was hydrodynamically injected (50 mbar × 120 s) prior to the sample that was adjusted to pH 9.6 and electrokinetically injected at -8.5 kV for 300 s. The terminating electrolyte (100 mM of 2-(cyclohexylamino) ethanesulphonic acid) was then hydrodynamically injected (50 mbar × 140 s). The results showed that this strategy enhanced detection sensitivity around 1050-fold compared with normal hydrodynamic injection, providing detection limits ranging between 1.5 and 2.1 ng/mL for standard samples with good repeatability in terms of peak area (values of relative standard deviation, %RSD < 3). The applicability of the optimized method was demonstrated by the analysis of human urine samples spiked with the studied compounds at different concentration levels and further liquid-liquid extraction step. The estimated detection limits obtained in the urine samples extract ranged between 8 and 15 ng/mL.

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“…EKS could be applied to different sample types utilizing various types of electrolytes. It was reported for analysis of protein tryptic digest using carrier‐ampholyte‐based electrolyte (CABE) as a BGE 45. After assessing the capability to integrate FASS and FASI, the authors manipulated CABE for preconcentration of horse heart cytochrome c utilizing EKS.…”

Section: Stacking By Eksmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging

Dawod

Chung

2011

J of Separation Science

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Electrokinetic supercharging (EKS) is considered as one of the most powerful online preconcentration techniques in electrophoresis. It combines the efficient preconcentration power of field-amplified sample injection and the exceptional selective nature of transient isotachophoresis. It has a wide range of applications to different types of analytes ranging from small ions to large proteins and DNA fragments. This comprehensive review--up to date--provides listing for all the works, developments, and advances in EKS. The review will pay particular attention to innovations, new methodologies for manipulation, challenges for improving the detection sensitivity, and various applications of EKS in capillaries and microchips.

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Integration of various stacking processes in carrier ampholyte-based capillary electrophoresis

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Electrokinetic supercharging focusing in capillary zone electrophoresis of weakly ionizable analytes in environmental and biological samples

Electrokinetic supercharging focusing in capillary zone electrophoresis of weakly ionizable analytes in environmental and biological samples

Electrokinetic supercharging in CE for the separation and preconcentration of barbiturate drugs in urine samples

High‐sensitivity capillary and microchip electrophoresis using electrokinetic supercharging

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