Integration of Zwitterionic Polymer Nanoparticles in Interfacial Polymerization for Ion Separation

Abstract

A thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membrane was developed by integrating zwitterionic polymeric nanoparticles into the active layer of the membranes. High surface area zwitterionic polymeric nanoparticles (370 m 2 /g) were developed through distillation−precipitation polymerization (DPP). Sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (SVBS) was used as the monomer and N,N′methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBAAm) utilized as the cross-linking agent. L-cysteine (L-Cys) was tethered to these matrices through thiol−ene reaction. The assynthesized zwitterionic P(MBAAm-co-SVBS)@L-Cys nanoparticles were dispersed into the organic solution of trimesoyl chloride (TMC) to be integrated into the polyamide (PA) selective layer of thin film nanofiltration membranes. The PA layer was synthesized by interfacial polymerization through the reaction of 2% (w/ v) of piperazine (PIP) in the aqueous phase and 0.15% (w/v) of the TMC solution. The fabricated TFN membranes exhibited pure water permeability (J w ) of 11.4 L/m 2 h bar and salt rejection value of 97.6% and 16.9%, for sodium sulfate and sodium chloride, respectively. The fabricated membranes demonstrated metal ion removal efficiencies of 99.48% and 95.67% for Pb 2+ and Cd 2+ ions, respectively.

All-Polymeric Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membrane for Organic Solvent Nanofiltration

“…We noted that the monomer concentration played a vital role in controlling the size of the NPs. As presented in Figure A, by addition of the free radical initiator, azobis­(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN), the cross-linker divinylbenzene (DVB), and monomer perfluorodecyl acrylate (PFDA) undergo free radical polymerization, forming a random copolymer; the synthesized copolymer then self-organizes and precipitates out of the solution . Our result indicates that the size of poly­(DVB- co -PFDA) NPs is a function of the concentration of the precursors.…”

Poly(Homopiperazine–Amide) Thin-Film Composite Membrane for Nanofiltration of Heavy Metal Ions

“…The PSF supports were fabricated through the nonsolvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method. 14 Briefly, 15 wt % PSF was dissolved in DMF and stirred for 8 h at 60 °C. The solution was deaerated by keeping the dope solution at room temperature for 6 h without stirring.…”

“…12 Compared to RO, NF operates at lower pressures and exhibits complete rejection of the solute in the range of 100−1000 Da. 13 T h i s c o n t e n t i s Recently, applications of NF have been extended from desalination to the removal of heavy metal ions, 14 dyes, 15 pharmaceutical waste, 16 and pesticides from impaired water resources. 17 The state-of-the-art NF membranes are thin-film composite (TFC) membranes, prepared via interfacial polymerization (IP).…”

Polymeric nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction: Challenges and future prospects

“…A membrane reactor can be used during this process to promote size control and facilitate the separation of products from reaction mixtures ( Fig. 6 ) [ 97 ].

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