Integrative systems biology analysis of barley transcriptome ─ hormonal signaling against biotic stress

Abstract

Biotic stresses are pests and pathogens that cause a variety of crop diseases and damages. In response to these agents, crops trigger specific defense signal transduction pathways in which hormones play a central role. To recognize hormonal signaling, we integrated barley transcriptome datasets related to hormonal treatments and biotic stresses. In the meta-analysis of each dataset, 308 hormonal and 1232 biotic DEGs were identified respectively. According to the results, 24 biotic TFs belonging to 15 conserved families and 6 hormonal TFs belonging to 6 conserved families were identified, with the NF-YC, GNAT, and WHIRLY families being the most prevalent. Additionally, gene enrichment and pathway analyses revealed that over-represented cis-acting elements were recognized in response to pathogens and hormones. Based on the co-expression analysis, 6 biotic and 7 hormonal modules were uncovered. Finally, the hub genes of PKT3, PR1, SSI2, LOX2, OPR3, and AOS were candidates for further study in JA- or SA-mediated plant defense. The qPCR confirmed that the expression of these genes was induced from 3 to 6 h following exposure to 100 μM MeJA, with peak expression occurring between 12 h and 24 h and decreasing after 48 h. Overexpression of PR1 was one of the first steps toward SAR. As well as regulating SAR, NPR1 has also been shown to be involved in the activation of ISR by the SSI2. LOX2 catalyzes the first step of JA biosynthesis, PKT3 plays an important role in wound-activated responses, and OPR3 and AOS are involved in JA biosynthesis. In addition, many unknown genes were introduced that can be used by crop biotechnologists to accelerate barley genetic engineering.

Endogenous Hormone Levels and Transcriptomic Analysis Reveal the Mechanisms of Bulbil Initiation in Pinellia ternata

“…MYC2, a bHLH transcription factor, is a JAZ-binding factor that targets jasmonate-responsive genes and regulates jasmonate-mediated processes [ 65 ]. The key genes in the JA biosynthetic pathway were screened out from hormonal treatments and biotic stress-related barley transcriptome datasets, and AOS , OPR3 , and LOX2 exhibited a significant positive correlation and interaction among themselves [ 66 ]. In this study, transcriptome sequencing showed that the expression levels of AOS , AOC , OPR , and JMT had the same pattern of expression, and JAZ and its binding factor MYC2 were significantly upregulated during bulbil initiation.…”

Detection of closely linked QTLs and candidate genes controlling germination indices in response to drought and salinity stresses in barley

“…Overall, RLK gene family is involved in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses 45 . It was reported that RLK/Pelles and TKLs are components of signaling networks that regulate the activation of the defense response 46 .…”