Integrative taxonomic approach of trypanosomes in the blood of rodents and soricids in Asian countries, with the description of three new species

Mafie, Eliakunda; Saito-Ito, Atsuko; Kasai, Masatoshi; Hatta, Mochammad; Rivera, Pilarita T.; Ma, Xin; Chen, Eng-Rin; Sato, Hiroshi; Takada, Nobuhiro

doi:10.1007/s00436-018-6120-3

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The questions whether three phylogenetically related species with Megatrypanum-like morphology and basal phylogenetic position, T. talpae (European mole, Talpa europaea), T. sapaensis (white-toothed shrew, Crocidura dracula) and T. anourosoricus (mole shrew, Anourosorex yamashinai) should be included into the subgenus Herpetosoma remains unresolved [230]. ▪ Subgenus Megatrypanum Hoare, 1964 Diagnosis: Large trypomastigotes (40-100 µm) with long pointed posterior extremity; medium nonterminal kinetoplast located near the nucleus and far from the posterior end of the body; long free flagellum; reproduction as epimastigotes in the mammalian host.…”

Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…), T. evotomys (bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus ), T. rabinowitschae (hamster, Cricetus cricetus ), T. blanchardi (dormouse, Eliomys quercinus ), T. kuseli (squirrel, Pteromys volans ), T. ostospermophili (squirrel, Urocitellus spp.) and T. nabiasi (rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculis ), while molecular data are not available for approximately 30 more species, including * T. acomys , * T. acouchii , * T. ellobii and * T. lemmi .The questions whether three phylogenetically related species with Megatrypanum -like morphology and basal phylogenetic position, T. talpae (European mole, Talpa europaea ), T. sapaensis (white-toothed shrew, Crocidura dracula ) and T. anourosoricus (mole shrew, Anourosorex yamashinai ) should be included into the subgenus Herpetosoma remains unresolved [230]. Subgenus Megatrypanum Hoare, 1964Diagnosis: Large trypomastigotes (40–100 µm) with long pointed posterior extremity; medium nonterminal kinetoplast located near the nucleus and far from the posterior end of the body; long free flagellum; reproduction as epimastigotes in the mammalian host.Type species: Trypanosoma theileri Laveran, 1902; a cosmopolitan non-pathogenic bovine trypanosome transmitted by tabanids.Note: Other members are ovine T. melophagium Flu, 1908 using a sheep ked ( Melophagus ovinus ) as a vector, while caprine * T. theodori Hoare, 1931 is transmitted by a goat ked ( Lipoptena capreoli ).…”

Section: Kinetoplasteamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetoplasteamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses

et al. 2021

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Euglenozoa is a species-rich group of protists, which have extremely diverse lifestyles and a range of features that distinguish them from other eukaryotes. They are composed of free-living and parasitic kinetoplastids, mostly free-living diplonemids, heterotrophic and photosynthetic euglenids, as well as deep-sea symbiontids. Although they form a well-supported monophyletic group, these morphologically rather distinct groups are almost never treated together in a comparative manner, as attempted here. We present an updated taxonomy, complemented by photos of representative species, with notes on diversity, distribution and biology of euglenozoans. For kinetoplastids, we propose a significantly modified taxonomy that reflects the latest findings. Finally, we summarize what is known about viruses infecting euglenozoans, as well as their relationships with ecto- and endosymbiotic bacteria.

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Section: Taxonomymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetoplasteamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kinetoplasteamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses

et al. 2021

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“…Despite our screening of 63 small mammal species, the number of identified parasites remained relatively low, as indicated by the species accumulation curves. It is evident that a larger number of individuals per species need to be screened to reach an asymptote and also previous studies have demonstrated that increased sampling effort leads to the detection of a greater number of parasite species (Hoare 1972 ; Mafie et al 2019 ; Votýpka et al 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Trypanosome diversity in small mammals in Uganda and the spread of Trypanosoma lewisi to native species

Babyesiza,

Katakweba,

Fornůsková

et al. 2023

Parasitol Res

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Uganda’s diverse small mammalian fauna thrives due to its rich habitat diversity, which hosts a wide range of blood parasites, including trypanosomes, particularly the subgenus Herpetosoma typical for rodent hosts. We screened a total of 711 small mammals from various habitats for trypanosomes, with 253 microscopically examined blood smears and 458 tissue samples tested by nested PCR of the 18S rRNA gene. Of 51 rodent and 12 shrew species tested, microscopic screening reaches 7% overall prevalence (with four rodent species positive out of 15 and none of the shrew species out of four), while nested PCR indicated a prevalence of 13% (17 rodent and five shrew species positive out of 49 and 10, respectively). We identified 27 genotypes representing 11 trypanosome species, of which the majority (24 genotypes/9 species) belong to the Herpetosoma subgenus. Among these, we detected 15 new genotypes and two putative new species, labeled AF24 (found in Lophuromys woosnami) and AF25 (in Graphiurus murinus). Our finding of three new genotypes of the previously detected species AF01 belonging to the subgenus Ornithotrypanum in two Grammomys species and Oenomys hypoxanthus clearly indicates the consistent occurrence of this avian trypanosome in African small mammals. Additionally, in Aethomys hindei, we detected the putative new species of the subgenus Aneza. Within the T. lewisi subclade, we detected eleven genotypes, including six new; however, only the genotype AF05b from Mus and Rattus represents the invasive T. lewisi. Our study has improved our understanding of trypanosome diversity in African small mammals. The detection of T. lewisi in native small mammals expands the range of host species and highlighting the need for a broader approach to the epidemiology of T. lewisi.

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“…The other research on trypanosomiasis showed infection of T. lewisi and T. lewisi-like trypanosomes were found in the blood smears of Bandicota indica (two rats), Rattus argentiventer (one rat), and Rattus tiomanicus (two rats). 17 Sulawesi has a remarkable biodiversity and complex geology that has attracted biologists and geologists to study the area since the 19th century (e.g. Wallace, 1860).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of Wild Rats (Rattus sp.) in Banjarnegara District and Potential Impact for Public Health

Wijayanti

Astuti

Qurana

et al. 2022

blb

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Trypanosomiasis is a zoonotic disease caused by Trypanosoma sp., a protozoan parasite that has a flagellum. It has the potential to cause emerging diseases. Generally, Trypanosoma infection is caused by T. evansi which causes Surra disease, and T. cruzi which causes Chagas disease. Trypanosoma lewisi has been considered a natural protozoan in mice, not pathogenic to humans but in recent years it has been reported in humans. This study aims to detect Trypanosoma in rats in Banjarnegara District and analyze the potential impact on public health. The research was observational with a descriptive approach, conducted in Banjarnegara from July-December 2020. Samples were taken by purposive sampling. Samples are rat’s blood that caught on wild rats survey in the main market of Banjarnegara District. Blood samples were made with a thin smear then they were stained with Giemsa and examined by microscope. There were 157 rats caught, consisting of 131 Rattus norvegicus and 26 R. tanezumi. Totally, 28 rats were positive Trypanosoma lewisi, so Trypanosoma infection in rats in Banjarnegara District is 16,57%. Trypanosomiasis in R. norvegicus was 18.3% and R. tanezumi 15.38%. Therefore, there is a need to increase the awareness of these diseases’s transmission to humans.

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Integrative taxonomic approach of trypanosomes in the blood of rodents and soricids in Asian countries, with the description of three new species

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses

Euglenozoa: taxonomy, diversity and ecology, symbioses and viruses

Trypanosome diversity in small mammals in Uganda and the spread of Trypanosoma lewisi to native species

Prevalence of Trypanosomiasis of Wild Rats (Rattus sp.) in Banjarnegara District and Potential Impact for Public Health

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