BackgroundTemperature, which affects numerous physiological processes, has been described as the 'main ecological factor' for fish. The aim of this modelling study is to explore the impact of climate‐induced temperature changes on fish fillet quality and shelf life.ResultsThe obtained results showed that temperature stress in rainbow trout effects ash and moisture and inhibits myofibril fragmentation in fillet. However, with the increase in temperature, there was a decrease in the total amount of saturated fatty acids (∑SFA) and significant increases in the total amount of omega 3 (∑n3) and 22:6n‐3 (DHA). It was determined that temperature increase had a negative effect on color, texture, water holding capacity, water activity, pH, lactic acid and glycogen levels in fillets, while it had a positive effect on the delay of microbial spoilage especially in cold storage.ConclusionThis study suggest that the effects of climate change on products quality and shelf life infish take specific research community attention. However, it also highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research in this emerging field.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.