Integrity of the Oral Tissues in Patients with Solid-Organ Transplants

Abstract

The relationship between the use of immunosuppressants in solid-organ transplant patients and oral tissue abnormalities has been recognized. The objective of this study was to determine the state of oral tissue integrity in renal, heart, and liver transplant patients who are on continuous medical and dental control. Forty patients of both sexes were clinically evaluated at the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile to identify pathologies of oral mucosa, gingival enlargement (GE), decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index, and salivary flow. The average age of the transplant subjects was 49.4 years, and the age range was 19 to 69 years. Most subjects maintained a good level of oral hygiene, and the rate mean of DMFT was 14.7. The degree of involvement of the oral mucosa and GE was low (10%). Unlike other studies, the frequency of oral mucosal diseases and GE was low despite the fact that these patients were immunosuppressed. Care and continuous monitoring seem to be of vital importance in maintaining the oral health of transplant patients.

The Oral Cavity State in Renal Transplant Recipients

“…Patients with renal transplant had the average DMFT index of 14.75 ± 6.91, which is almost identical to the findings of Rojas G et al (4).…”

“…Studies show that the prevalence of gingival hyperplasia is three times more common in men (4,29) compared to women as revealed in our study (4 males: 1 female) as well as in younger age groups (9,25). This can be explained by a stronger inflammatory response, poor oral hygiene and hormonal imbalance in renal transplant patients (26).…”

“…Bolesnici s transplantiranim bubregom imali su prosječni KEP indeks 14,75 ± 6,91, što je gotovo identično nalazima G. Rojasa i suradnika (4).…”

“…Lesions in the oral cavity may arise as a direct result of immunosuppression or drug interactions (3,4). Among the most common oral complications of immunosuppression are diff erent viral infections caused by the herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus associated with the development of hairy leukoplakia (5).…”

“…Lezije u usnoj šupljini mogu nastati kao izravna posljedica imunosupresije ili interakcije lijekova (3,4). Među najčešćim komplikacijama imunosupresije različite su virusne infekcije uzrokovane virusima Herpes simplex, Varicellazoster, citomegalovirusom i Epstein-Barrovim virusom s kojim je povezana i pojava vlasaste leukoplakije (5).…”